求矩阵的最小多项式

[ 7   4  -4]

[ 4  -8  -1]

[-4 -1  -8]

>> A = [7 4 -4; 4 -8 -1; -4 -1 -8];
>> syms a;
>> factor(det(a*eye(size(A)) - A))
 
ans =
 
(a - 9)*(a + 9)^2
 
>> 

所以最小多项式为:(a-9)(a+9) = a^2 - 81