能切换环境的python

linux环境下使用pyenv　；在windows环境下使用pycharm
**最小化安装linux
pyenv安装使用git
#yum install git -y
python安装依赖
#yum install gcc make patch gdbm-devel openssl-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel
创建python用户
#useradd python
#passwd python
使用python用户登录
$curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/master/bin/pyenv-installer | bash
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/master/bin/pyenv-installer是一个shell脚本内容如下：

---

`#!/usr/bin/env bash

set -e
[ -n “$PYENV_DEBUG” ] && set -x

if [ -z “$PYEN{V}_{R}OOT"];thenPYEN{V}_{R}OOT="${HOME}/.pyenv”
fi

colorize() {
if [ -t 1 ]; then printf “\e[%sm%s\e[m” “$1” “$2”
else echo -n “$2”
fi
}

# Checks for .pyenv file, and suggests to remove it for installing

if [ -d “KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: …ly remove the '{PYENV_ROOT}’ directory first.”
echo
} >&2
exit 1
fi

shell=“$1"if[-z"$shell” ]; then
shell=“$(psc-p"$PPID” -o ‘ucomm=’ 2>/dev/null || true)"
shell="KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got '#' at position 7: {shell#̲#-}" shell="{shell%% *}"
shell="$(basename"${shell:-$SHELL}")"
fi

failed_checkout() {
echo “Failed to git clone $1”
exit -1
}

checkout() {
[ -d “$2” ] || git clone --depth 1 “$1” “$2” || failed_checkout “$1”
}

if ! command -v git 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
echo “pyenv: Git is not installed, can’t continue.” >&2
exit 1
fi

if [ -n “${USE_GIT_URI}” ]; then
GITHUB=“git://github.com”
else
GITHUB=“https://github.com”
fi

checkout “$GITHUB/pyenv/pyenv.git""${PYENV_ROOT}”
checkout “$GITHUB/pyenv/pyenv-doctor.git""${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-doctor”
checkout “$GITHUB/pyenv/pyenv-installer.git""${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-installer”
checkout “$GITHUB/pyenv/pyenv-update.git""${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-update”
checkout “$GITHUB/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv.git""${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv”
checkout “$GITHUB/pyenv/pyenv-which-ext.git""${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-which-ext”

if ! command -v pyenv 1>/dev/null; then
{ echo
colorize 1 “WARNING”
echo “: seems you still have not added ‘pyenv’ to the load path.”
echo
} >&2

case “$shell” in
bash )
profile="~/.bashrc"
;;
zsh )
profile="~/.zshrc"
;;
ksh )
profile="~/.profile"
;;
fish )
profile="~/.config/fish/config.fish"
;;
* )
profile=“your profile”
;;
esac

{ echo “# Load pyenv automatically by adding”
echo “# the following to $profile:"echocase"$shell” in
fish )
echo “set -x PATH “${PYENV_ROOT}/bin” $PATH”
echo ‘status --is-interactive; and . (pyenv init -|psub)’
echo ‘status --is-interactive; and . (pyenv virtualenv-init -|psub)’
;;
* )
echo “export PATH=”${PYENV_ROOT}/bin:$PATH""
echo “eval “$(pyenv init -)””
echo “eval “$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)””
;;
esac
} >&2
fi`

---

以上脚本有时会报错，需手动配以下配置
$git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
**在python用户的~/.bash_profile中追加
$ vi .bash_profile
export PATH="/home/python/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"

eval “$(pyenv init -)”

eval “$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)”**

$source ~/.bash_profile
$
$pyenv help install　；pyenv的帮助
$pyenv install -l　　　；列出能安装的python版本
$pyenv install -v 3.5.3　；安装3.5.3的版本
$pyenv install -v 3.6.1　；安装3.6.1的版本
$pyenv update ；更新pyenv

如果不能上网或网速过慢，可以在.pyenv下手动建立cache文件夹，将下载好的文件cp到其中，最好装.gz.xz.tgz三种包都拷入，不确定会调用哪个文件；$mkdir cache
$pyenvversions；列出已安装版本[python@bogon]$ pyenv versions

• system (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version)
  3.5.3
  3.6.1
  $pyenv version　　　；现使用python版本　
  Virtualenv插件，在plugins/pyenv-virrualenv下
  $pyenv virtualenv 3.6.1 seaship361 ；创建一个3.6.1版本的独立空间
  真实目录在.pyenv/versions/

Python虚拟环境创建
接下来安装virtualenv
Check out pyenv-virtualenv into plugin directory
$ git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv.git $(pyenv root)/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv

正常来说，pyenv-virtualenv插件是安装pyenv自带的，在pyenv的plugin目录里可以看到它
[wls@xxxxxxxx ~]$ ll ~/.pyenv/plugins/
total 24
drwxrwxr-x 4 wls wls 4096 Dec 2 19:43 pyenv-doctor
drwxrwxr-x 5 wls wls 4096 Dec 2 19:43 pyenv-installer
drwxrwxr-x 5 wls wls 4096 Dec 2 19:43 pyenv-update
drwxrwxr-x 8 wls wls 4096 Dec 2 19:44 pyenv-virtualenv
drwxrwxr-x 4 wls wls 4096 Dec 2 19:44 pyenv-which-ext
drwxrwxr-x 5 wls wls 4096 Dec 2 19:43 python-build
如果你的目录里没有，从github拉一份下来就好，项目地址：https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv，安装步骤README有写

$ # 虚拟环境后面的命名可以随便改，改成自己喜欢的即可
$ pyenv virtualenv 3.7.3 pyweb373
创建完虚拟环境后查看是否创建成功
$ pyenv versions

• system (set by /home/lucas/.pyenv/version)
  3.7.3
  3.7.3/envs/pyweb373
  pyweb373

然后就可以进入项目文件夹中，把Python切换到虚拟环境中
$ cd ~/project1
$ pyenv local pyweb373
这样，你就成功地将这个项目的环境换成虚拟环境，可以愉快地安装第三方库、撸代码了。

在希望完成的目录中执行：
$pyenv local 3.6.1(system为默认)　；使用公用的3.6.1的环境，不同的人会互相干扰
$pyenv virtualenv seaship361　　；这个实用建立自己独立的语言环境。
其实质就是在~/.bash_profile中加了内容实现的

pip通用配置,设为国内镜像，速度快
$mkdir ~/.pip
配置文件在~/.pip/pip.conf
[global]
index-url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

在不财的虚拟环境中，安装redis包，使用pip list看看效果。
$pip -V

安装ipython
$pip install ipython
$ipython
安装Jupyter,也会安装ipython的
$pip install jupyter
$jupyter notebook help
$jupyter notebook --ip=0.0.0.0 --no-browser

—————————————————————————————————————————————
https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv
安装之前，确保安装了git
#yum install git -y
安装其它依赖
#yum -y install gcc make patch gdbm-devel openssl-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel
创建用户
#useradd python
使用python用户登录
$ git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
$ echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv" ’ >> ~/.bash_profile
$ echo ‘export PATH=“$PYEN{V}_{R}OOT/bin:$PATH” ’ >> ~/.bash_profile
$ echo -e ’ if command -v pyenv 1>/dev/null 2>1; then\n eval “$(pyenv init -)”\nfi’ >> ~/.bash_profile
$ exec “$SHELL”
$pyenv install 2.7.8

离线安装
分别去官网下载pyenv 和virtualenv插件
pyenv https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv
virtualenv 插件　　https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv