iOS 开发中常用编码格式转化

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常见的字符编码格式：各种字符编码介绍及关系

1. ASCII ：（American Standard Code for Information Interchange，美国标准信息交换代码）
   百度百科

2. Unicode：Unicode 是为了解决传统的字符编码方案的局限而产生的，它为每种语言中的每个字符设定了统一并且唯一的二进制编码，以满足跨语言、跨平台进行文本转换、处理的要求。
   百度百科

3. UTF-8 （UTF）：是UnicodeTransformationFormat的缩写，意为Unicode转换格式,是一种中间格式的字符集。
   UTF
   UTF8

4. GB2312（GBK）：GB2312 也是ANSI编码里的一种，对ANSI编码最初始的ASCII编码进行扩充，为了满足国内在计算机中使用汉字的需要，中国国家标准总局发布了一系列的汉字字符集国家标准编码，统称为GB码，或国标码。其中最有影响的是于1980年发布的《信息交换用汉字编码字符集 基本集》，标准号为GB 2312-1980,因其使用非常普遍，也常被通称为国标码。GB2312编码通行于我国内地；新加坡等地也采用此编码。几乎所有的中文系统和国际化的软件都支持GB 2312。
   GB2312

5. Base64：是网络上最常见的用于传输8Bit字节代码的编码方式之一,可用于在HTTP环境下传递较长的标识信息。
   Base64

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iOS常用编码间转化：

//Unicode转UTF-8

-(NSString *)unicodeDecodeString{
    NSString *unicodeStr = self;
    NSString *tempStr1 = [unicodeStr stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\\u" withString:@"\\U"];
    NSString *tempStr2 = [tempStr1 stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\"" withString:@"\\\""];
    NSString *tempStr3 = [[@"\"" stringByAppendingString:tempStr2] stringByAppendingString:@"\""];
    NSData *tempData = [tempStr3 dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSString* returnStr = [NSPropertyListSerialization propertyListFromData:tempData
                                                           mutabilityOption:NSPropertyListImmutable
                                                                     format:NULL
                                                           errorDescription:NULL];
    return [returnStr stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\\r\\n" withString:@"\n"];
}

//UTF-8转Unicode

+(NSString *) utf8ToUnicode:(NSString *)string
{
    NSUInteger length = [string length];
    NSMutableString *s = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:0];
    for (int i = 0;i < length; i++) 
    {
        unichar _char = [string characterAtIndex:i];
        //判断是否为英文和数字
        if (_char <= '9' && _char >= '0') 
        {
            [s appendFormat:@"%@",[string substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1)]];
        }
        else if(_char >= 'a' && _char <= 'z')
        {
            [s appendFormat:@"%@",[string substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1)]];
        }
        else if(_char >= 'A' && _char <= 'Z')
        {
            [s appendFormat:@"%@",[string substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1)]];
        }
        else
        {
            [s appendFormat:@"\\u%x",[string characterAtIndex:i]];
        }
    }
    return s;
}

// NSString to ASCII

NSString *string = @"A";
int asciiCode = [string characterAtIndex:0]; // 65

// ASCII to NSString

int asciiCode = 65;
NSString *string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%c", asciiCode]; // A

一些常用的场景转换：
// url encode

-(NSString *)urlEncodeUsingEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding {
    CFStringRef sRef = CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes(NULL,
                                                               (CFStringRef)self,
                                                               NULL,
                                                               (CFStringRef)@"!*'\"();:@&=+$,/?%#[]% ",
                                                               CFStringConvertNSStringEncodingToEncoding(encoding));
    NSString *re = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",sRef];
    CFRelease(sRef);
    return re;
}

-(NSString *)urlEncodeWithEncodingUTF8{
    return [self urlEncodeUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
}

// unicode decode

-(NSString *)unicodeDecodeString{
    NSString *unicodeStr = self;
    NSString *tempStr1 = [unicodeStr stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\\u" withString:@"\\U"];
    NSString *tempStr2 = [tempStr1 stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\"" withString:@"\\\""];
    NSString *tempStr3 = [[@"\"" stringByAppendingString:tempStr2] stringByAppendingString:@"\""];
    NSData *tempData = [tempStr3 dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSString* returnStr = [NSPropertyListSerialization propertyListFromData:tempData
                                                           mutabilityOption:NSPropertyListImmutable
                                                                     format:NULL
                                                           errorDescription:NULL];
    return [returnStr stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\\r\\n" withString:@"\n"];
}

常用的加密算法

//MD5

-(NSString *) md5
{
    const char *cStr = [self UTF8String];
    unsigned char digest[CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
    CC_MD5( cStr, (CC_LONG)strlen(cStr), digest );

    NSMutableString *output = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH * 2];

    for(int i = 0; i < CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH; i++)
        [output appendFormat:@"%02x", digest[i]];

    return output;
}

//sha1

- (NSString*) sha1
{
    const char *cstr = [self cStringUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithBytes:cstr length:self.length];

    uint8_t digest[CC_SHA1_DIGEST_LENGTH];

    CC_SHA1(data.bytes, (CC_LONG)data.length, digest);

    NSMutableString* output = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:CC_SHA1_DIGEST_LENGTH * 2];

    for(int i = 0; i < CC_SHA1_DIGEST_LENGTH; i++)
        [output appendFormat:@"%02x", digest[i]];

    return output;
}

//sha1_base64

- (NSString *) sha1_base64
{
    const char *cstr = [self cStringUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithBytes:cstr length:self.length];

    uint8_t digest[CC_SHA1_DIGEST_LENGTH];

    CC_SHA1(data.bytes, (CC_LONG)data.length, digest);

    NSData * base64 = [[NSData alloc]initWithBytes:digest length:CC_SHA1_DIGEST_LENGTH];
    base64 = [GTMBase64 encodeData:base64];

    NSString * output = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:base64 encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    return output;
}

//md5_base64

- (NSString *) md5_base64
{
    const char *cStr = [self UTF8String];
    unsigned char digest[CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
    CC_MD5( cStr, (CC_LONG)strlen(cStr), digest );

    NSData * base64 = [[NSData alloc]initWithBytes:digest length:CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
    base64 = [GTMBase64 encodeData:base64];

    NSString * output = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:base64 encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    return output;
}

//base64

- (NSString *) base64
{
    NSData * data = [self dataUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding allowLossyConversion:YES];
    data = [GTMBase64 encodeData:data];
    NSString * output = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    return output; 
}