A example of "Connect to ArcSDE"

First you should build a  project as follows:

 

 

using  System;
using  System.Drawing;
using  System.Collections;
using  System.ComponentModel;
using  System.Windows.Forms;
using  System.Data;
using  System.IO;
using  System.Runtime.InteropServices;

using  ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem;
using  ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto;
using  ESRI.ArcGIS.Controls;
using  ESRI.ArcGIS.ADF;
using  ESRI.ArcGIS.SystemUI;
using  ESRI.ArcGIS.Geodatabase;

namespace  Connect2ArcSDE
... {
    public sealed partial class MainForm : Form
    ...{
        class private members#region class private members
        private IMapControl3 m_mapControl = null;
        private string m_mapDocumentName = string.Empty;
        #endregion

        class constructor#region class constructor
        public MainForm()
        ...{
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        #endregion

        private void MainForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        ...{
            //get the MapControl
            m_mapControl = (IMapControl3)axMapControl1.Object;

            //disable the Save menu (since there is no document yet)
            menuSaveDoc.Enabled = false;

            IWorkspace pWorkspace = OpenArcSDEWorkspace("132.1.202.33", "5151", "sde","sde", "sde", "SDE.DEFAULT");
            IFeatureWorkspace featureWorkspace = (IFeatureWorkspace)pWorkspace;
            FeatureLayer featureLayer = new FeatureLayer();
            featureLayer.FeatureClass = featureWorkspace.OpenFeatureClass("FCPMDATA.Parcels");//feature name
            featureLayer.Name = featureLayer.FeatureClass.AliasName;
            m_mapControl.AddLayer(featureLayer, 0);
        }

        Main Menu event handlers#region Main Menu event handlers
        private void menuNewDoc_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        ...{
            //execute New Document command
            ICommand command = new CreateNewDocument();
            command.OnCreate(m_mapControl.Object);
            command.OnClick();
        }

        private void menuOpenDoc_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        ...{
            //execute Open Document command
            ICommand command = new ControlsOpenDocCommandClass();
            command.OnCreate(m_mapControl.Object);
            command.OnClick();
        }

        private void menuSaveDoc_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        ...{
            //execute Save Document command
            if (m_mapControl.CheckMxFile(m_mapDocumentName))
            ...{
                //create a new instance of a MapDocument
                IMapDocument mapDoc = new MapDocumentClass();
                mapDoc.Open(m_mapDocumentName, string.Empty);

                //Make sure that the MapDocument is not readonly
                if (mapDoc.get_IsReadOnly(m_mapDocumentName))
                ...{
                    MessageBox.Show("Map document is read only!");
                    mapDoc.Close();
                    return;
                }

                //Replace its contents with the current map
                mapDoc.ReplaceContents((IMxdContents)m_mapControl.Map);

                //save the MapDocument in order to persist it
                mapDoc.Save(mapDoc.UsesRelativePaths, false);

                //close the MapDocument
                mapDoc.Close();
            }
        }

        private void menuSaveAs_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        ...{
            //execute SaveAs Document command
            ICommand command = new ControlsSaveAsDocCommandClass();
            command.OnCreate(m_mapControl.Object);
            command.OnClick();
        }

        private void menuExitApp_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        ...{
            //exit the application
            Application.Exit();
        }
        #endregion

        //listen to MapReplaced evant in order to update the statusbar and the Save menu
        private void axMapControl1_OnMapReplaced(object sender, IMapControlEvents2_OnMapReplacedEvent e)
        ...{
            //get the current document name from the MapControl
            m_mapDocumentName = m_mapControl.DocumentFilename;

            //if there is no MapDocument, diable the Save menu and clear the statusbar
            if (m_mapDocumentName == string.Empty)
            ...{
                menuSaveDoc.Enabled = false;
                statusBarXY.Text = string.Empty;
            }
            else
            ...{
                //enable the Save manu and write the doc name to the statusbar
                menuSaveDoc.Enabled = true;
                statusBarXY.Text = Path.GetFileName(m_mapDocumentName);
            }
        }

        private void axMapControl1_OnMouseMove(object sender, IMapControlEvents2_OnMouseMoveEvent e)
        ...{
            statusBarXY.Text = string.Format("{0}, {1}  {2}", e.mapX.ToString("#######.##"), e.mapY.ToString("#######.##"), axMapControl1.MapUnits.ToString().Substring(4));
        }

        public IWorkspace OpenArcSDEWorkspace(string server, string instance, string user,string password, string database, string version)
        ...{
            ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem.IPropertySet propertySet = new ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem.PropertySetClass();
            propertySet.SetProperty("SERVER", server);
            propertySet.SetProperty("INSTANCE", instance);
            propertySet.SetProperty("DATABASE", database);
            propertySet.SetProperty("USER", user);
            propertySet.SetProperty("PASSWORD", password);
            propertySet.SetProperty("VERSION", version);

            IWorkspaceFactory workspaceFactory = new ESRI.ArcGIS.DataSourcesGDB.SdeWorkspaceFactoryClass();
            return workspaceFactory.Open(propertySet, 0);
        }
    }
}

to run the project ,the follow scene you will be see: