跨文化交际技巧知识点总结

跨文化交际技巧知识点总结

本文参考书目为《$EncounterswithWesterners:$跨文化交际技巧》，撰写本文旨在对课本内的跨文化交际名词/词组进行总结，帮助各位更好地利用本书进行学习。

Concise	Definition	Exp	Page
Generalize	· Avoid stereotypes. · Only the first step toward learning more about another people or culture.	“British people are polite.” “Americans are friendly.”	14
Stereotype	· Tend to be negative about other cultures in practice.	“American talk too much.”	15
Individualist Culture	· People tend to view themselves as individuals and to emphasize the needs of individuals. · 虚线，线内点分散（P114）	“US students generally have different classmates in different courses.” “Cocktail party(非正式会议) in the West” “Voluntary instead of obligated”	32
Collectivist Culture	· People tend to view themselves as members of the group and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals. · 实线，线内点密集（P114）	“Chinese students are organized into class groups and having the same courses together.” “Chinese parties often have a group focus” (View more information about Collectivism & Individualism in page 33-34)	32
Language Gap	· A factor that causes stress in most intercultural encounters.	“It will be times to communicate with the people who didn’t speak your language before”	42
Culture Shock	· Description about what happens whenever a person encounters a culture different from his or her own.	“Sojourner feel less excited about living in another culture as months pass. In short, they burn out.”	58
Culture Fatigue	· Another description about culture shock through scholars.
Low Context	· Tendency to be explicit (清楚明白的) and direct，tendency to put ideas and feelings into words.	“Get to the point”	66
High Context	· Tendency to be indirect and subtle (不易察觉的)	“Pay more attention to the context in which communication takes place”	66
Violated Expectation	· Something else happens that is different from what you expect.	“Things happen that catch people by surprise without giving confidence.”	74
Projected Culture Similarity	· It refers to the tendency to assume that people from other cultures basically think and feel more or less the same way as we do.	“Assumption for people from other cultures basically think and feel more or less the same way we do”	75
Loose Culture	· The cultures don’t demand a high degree of conformity.	“People have a relatively wide range of views as to what is considered normal behavior”	83
Tight Culture	· Expect a high degree of conformity.	“There’s a clear consensus (共识) as to what is and is not acceptable behavior”	83
Ethnocentrism	· Tendency to think of one’s own culture as being at the center of the world.	“Children who grow up in the cultures where everyone eats dog meat assume that this is normal to eat dog meat”	93
Ingroups	· People we have the most in common with and identify most closely with.	“Family, classmates, co-workers”	107
Outgroups	· People who we don’t identify with.	“People from other families, regions, groups, and nations”	107
War Stories	· Telling stories about encounters（遇到困难和挫折）	“They tell you about that because their desire for sympathy, reassurance(安慰), and to tell a good story”	125
The benefit of doubt	· Keep an open mind and try to delay or suspend(暂停) interpretation Benefit: 1) Generously. 2) Get the same retreat.	“the way to interrupt with others generously”	142