进阶练习：手写JavaScript数组多个方法的底层实现

进阶练习：手写JavaScript数组多个方法的底层实现

先了解一下push方法的底层实现：
下面是ECMA的英文相关解释
When the push method is called with zero or more arguments
the following
steps are taken:
1.Let O be ? To0bject(this value).2.Let len be ? LengthOfArrayLike(O).
3.Let argCount be the number of elements in items.
4. If len + argCount > 2453- 1, throw a TypeError exception.5. For each element E of items, do
a.Perform ? Set(0,!ToString(F(len)), E, true).b. Set len to len + 1.
5. Perform ? Set(0, “length”, F(len), true).7.Return F(len).
下面我们将上述的英文转化成代码

Array.prototype.push = function(...items){
let O = Object(this); // ecma中提到的先转换为对象let len = this. length >>>0;
let argCount = items.length >>> O;//2453-1为JS能表示的最大正整数if (len + argCount > 2** 53- 1){
throw new TypeError("The number of array is over the max
value)
}
for(let i= 0; i<argCount; i++){O[len +i] = items[i];
}
let newLength = len + argCount;O.length = newLength;
return newLength;}

你会发现有些变量再进行无符号位移，你可以自己研究一下
pop的底层实现
下面是ECMA的英文注解：
When the pop method is called, the following steps are taken:1. Let O be ? ToObject(this value).
6. Let len be ? LengthOfArrayLike(O).3. If len = 0, then
Perform ? Set(0, “length”,+OF, true).Return undefined.
7. Else,
Assert: len > 0.
Let newLen be F(len - 1).
Let index be ! ToString(newLen).Let element be ? Get(0, index).
Perform ? DeletePropertyOrThrow(0, index).Perform ? Set(0, “length”, newLen, true).Return element.
下面我们将上述内容转化为代码实现：

Array. prototype.pop = function(){let O = Object(this);
let len = this.length >>> 0;if (len === 0){
0.length = 0;return undefined;}
len --,
let value = O[len];delete O[len];0.length = len;return value;}

map方法的底层实现
下面依然是ECMA的标准解释
When the map method is called with one or two arguments, the following steps are taken:1.Let O be ? To0bject(this value).
2.Let len be ? LengthOfArrayLike(O).
3.If lsCallable(callbackfn) is false, throw a TypeError exception.4. Let A be ? ArraySpeciesCreate(0, len).
8. Let k be 0.
9. Repeat, while k< len,
a. Let Pk be ! ToString(F(k)).
b. Let kPresent be ? HasProperty(O, Pk).c. If kPresent is true, then
Let kValue be ? Get(0, Pk).
Let mappedValue be ? Call(callbackfn, thisArg, kValue,F(k), O 》).Perform ? CreateDataPropertyOrThrow(A, Pk, mappedValue).d. Set k to k+1.
7.Return A.
下面我们将上述语言转化为代码：

Array.prototype.map = function(callbackFn, thisArg){if(this ===null || this === undefined){
throw new TypeError("Cannot read property 'map' of null");}
if (Object.prototype.toString.call(callbacktn) != ".ODJect runction] ) ithrow new TypeError(callbackfn + ' is not a function')
}
let O = Object(this);let T = thisArg;
let len = 0.length >>>0;let A = new Array(len);
for(let k = 0; k<len; k++){if(k in O){
if(k in O){
let kValue = O[k];
Ⅱ/依次传入this,当前项,当前索引，整个数组
let mappedValue = callbackfn.call(T, KValue,k, O);A[k] = mappedValue;
}
}
return A;}

需要注意一点：遍历类型的方法最后返回的都是一个新数组并不改变原有数组的值，切记
reduce的底层方法实现：
When the reduce method is called with one ortwo arguments, the followingsteps are taken:
1.Let O be ? ToObject(this value).
2.Let len be ? LengthOfArrayLike(O).
10. If lsCallable(callbackfn) is false, throw a TypeError exception.
11. If len =0 and initialValue is not present, throw a TypeError exception.5.Let k be 0.
6.Let accumulator be undefined.
7.If initialValue is present, thenSet accumulator to initialValue.
8. Else,
Let kPresent be false.
Repeat, while kPresent is false and k< len,Let Pk be ! ToString(F(k)).
Set kPresent to ? HasProperty(O, Pk).lf kPresent is true, then
Set accumulator to ? Get(O, Pk).Set k to k+1.
If kPresent is false, throw a TypeError exception.9.Repeat, while k<len,
Let Pk be ! ToString(F(k)).
Let kPresent be ? HasProperty(O, Pk).lf kPresent is true, then
将其转换为代码：

Array.prototype.reduce = function(callbackfn, initialValue){异常处理,和map类似
if (this === null || this === undefined) {
throw new TypeError("Cannot read property 'reduce' of null");}
//处理回调类型异常
if (Object.prototype.toString.call(callbackfn) != "[object Function]"){throw new TypeError(callbackfn + ' is not a function')
}
let O= Object(this);let len = 0.length >>>0;let k=0;
let accumulator = initialValue; // reduce方法第二个参数作为累加器的初始值if (accumulator === undefined){//初始值不传的处理
for(; k<len ; k++){
if(k in O){
accumulator = O[k];k++;
break;}
}
throw new Error('Each element of the array is empty');}
for(;k<len; k++){
if(k in o){
//注意reduce的核心累加器
accumulator = callbackfn.call(undefined,accumulator,o[k],o);
}
}
return accumulator;

默认初始值不传的特殊处理
累计器以及callbackfn的处理逻辑
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