linux C 使用netlink机制添加、删除 ip地址

以下代码是使用netlink机制实现对一个网卡添加删除ip地址的小demo，包括ipv4,ipv6地址。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFSIZE NLMSG_ALIGN(8192)

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
	if (argc != 2) {
		printf("./xxx 192.168.10.10\n");
		return 0;
		
	}
	
	
    int fd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE);
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror("socket");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_nl local_addr = {0};
    local_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
    local_addr.nl_pid = getpid();
    if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&local_addr, sizeof(local_addr)) < 0) {
        perror("bind");
        close(fd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct nlmsghdr *nh;
    char buf[BUFSIZE];
    memset(buf, 0, BUFSIZE);

    // 构造请求消息
    int ifindex = if_nametoindex("eth0"); // 指定接口名称
    struct in_addr addr;
    inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &addr); // 指定 IP 地址
	/*
	如果是ipv6则用下面的代码
	struct in6_addr addr;
    inet_pton(AF_INET6, argv[1], &addr); // 指定 IP 地址
	*/
    struct {
        struct nlmsghdr nh;
        struct ifaddrmsg ifa;
        char attrbuf[512];
    } req;

    memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
    req.nh.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct ifaddrmsg));
    req.nh.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_CREATE;
    req.nh.nlmsg_type = RTM_NEWADDR;
    req.ifa.ifa_family = AF_INET;  // 如果是ipv6则换成AF_INET6 
    req.ifa.ifa_prefixlen = 16; // 指定前缀长度
    req.ifa.ifa_index = ifindex;
    req.ifa.ifa_flags = IFA_F_PERMANENT;
    req.ifa.ifa_scope = RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
    struct rtattr *rta = (struct rtattr *)(((char *)&req) + NLMSG_ALIGN(req.nh.nlmsg_len));
    rta->rta_type = IFA_LOCAL;
    rta->rta_len = RTA_LENGTH(sizeof(addr));
    memcpy(RTA_DATA(rta), &addr, sizeof(addr));
    req.nh.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_ALIGN(req.nh.nlmsg_len) + RTA_LENGTH(sizeof(addr));

    // 发送请求消息
    struct sockaddr_nl dest_addr = {0};
    dest_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
    dest_addr.nl_pid = 0; // 内核处理
    dest_addr.nl_groups = 0; // 不加入多播组

    struct iovec iov = {&req.nh, req.nh.nlmsg_len};
    struct msghdr msg = {&dest_addr, sizeof(dest_addr), &iov, 1, NULL, 0, 0};
    int ret = sendmsg(fd, &msg, 0);
    if (ret < 0) {
        perror("sendmsg");
        close(fd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    close(fd);
    return 0;
}