c++类中的特殊函数及关键字

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

class My_string
{
private:
    char * ptr;
    int size;
    int len;
public:
    //无参构造
    My_string():size(15)
    {
        this->ptr = new char[size];
        this->ptr[0] = '\0';
        this->len = 0;
        cout<<"无参构造"<<endl;
    }
    
    int strlen(const char * src)
    {
        int count = 0;
        for(int i = 0;src[i]!='\0';i++)
        {
            count++;
        }
        return count;
    }
    //有参构造
    My_string(const char *src) : size(15), len(strlen(src))
    {
        this->ptr = new char[size];
        strcpy(this->ptr, src); // 使用 strcpy 复制字符串
        cout << "有参字符串构造: " << ptr << endl;
    }
    //有参构造
    My_string(int num, char value) : size(15), len(num)
    {
        this->ptr = new char[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            this->ptr[i] = value;
        }
        this->ptr[num] = '\0';
        cout << "有参构造: " << ptr << endl;
    }
    //拷贝构造
    My_string(const My_string &other) : size(other.size), len(other.len)
    {
        this->ptr = new char[size];
        strcpy(this->ptr, other.ptr);
    }
    //拷贝赋值
    My_string &operator=(const My_string &other)
    {
        if (this != &other) {
            delete[] this->ptr;
            this->size = other.size;
            this->len = other.len;
            this->ptr = new char[size];
            strcpy(this->ptr, other.ptr);
        }
        return *this;
    }
    //析构函数
    ~My_string(){}
    
    //判空
    bool empty()
    {
        return len==0;
    }
    //尾插
    void push_back(char value)
    {
        if (len + 1 >= size)
        {
            resize(); // 如果容量不足，扩容
        }
        cout<<"len = "<<len<<endl;
        this->ptr[len]=value;
        this->ptr[len+1]='\0';
        this->len++;
    }
    //尾删
    void pop_back()
    {
        if(!empty())
        {
            this->ptr[len-1]='\0';
            this->len--;
        }
    }
    //at函数实现
    char &at(int index)
    {   if(index<len)
        {
            return ptr[index-1];
        }
        else
        {
            throw std::invalid_argument("位置错误");
        }
    }
    //清空
    void clear()
    {
        if (this->ptr != NULL)
        {
            delete this->ptr;
            this->ptr = NULL;
            this->len=0;
            this->size = 15;
        }
    }
    //c语言格式输出
    char *data()
    {
        return this->ptr;
    }
    //求字符串长度
    int get_length()
    {
        return this->len;
    }
    //求最大容量
    int get_size()
    {
        return this->size;
    }
    //君子函数：二倍扩容
    void resize()
    {
        this->size *= 2;
        char * newData = new char[size];
        strcpy(newData,this->ptr);
        delete [] this->ptr;
        this->ptr = newData;
    }
    //show
    void show()
    {
        for(int i = 0;i<len;i++)
        {
            cout<<this->ptr[i]<<" ";
        }
        cout<<endl;
    }
    
};

int main()
{
    My_string s1;
    My_string s2("hello");
    My_string s3(5,'A');
    s1.show();
    s2.show();
    s3.show();
    cout<<s3.data()<<endl;
    cout<<"s2.get_length = "<<s2.get_length()<<endl;
    cout<<"s3.get_size = "<<s3.get_size()<<endl;
    s2.resize();
    cout<<"s2.resize()后，s2.get_size = "<<s2.get_size()<<endl;
    cout<<"s2的第2位"<<s2.at(2)<<endl;
    s2.push_back('W');
    s2.push_back('O');
    s2.push_back('R');
    s2.push_back('L');
    s2.push_back('D');
    s3.pop_back();
    s2.show();
    s3.show();
    return 0;
}