版权声明：本套技术专栏是作者（秦凯新）平时工作的总结和升华，通过从真实商业环境抽取案例进行总结和分享，并给出商业应用的调优建议和集群环境容量规划等内容，请持续关注本套博客。QQ邮箱地址：1120746959@qq.com，如有任何学术交流，可随时联系。
1 Numpy详细使用
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读取txt文件
import numpy world_alcohol = numpy.genfromtxt("world_alcohol.txt", delimiter=",") print(type(world_alcohol)) world_alcohol = numpy.genfromtxt("world_alcohol.txt", delimiter=",", dtype="U75", skip_header=1) print(world_alcohol) [[u'1986' u'Western Pacific' u'Viet Nam' u'Wine' u'0'] [u'1986' u'Americas' u'Uruguay' u'Other' u'0.5'] [u'1985' u'Africa' u"Cte d'Ivoire" u'Wine' u'1.62'] ..., [u'1987' u'Africa' u'Malawi' u'Other' u'0.75'] [u'1989' u'Americas' u'Bahamas' u'Wine' u'1.5'] [u'1985' u'Africa' u'Malawi' u'Spirits' u'0.31']] -
创建一维和二维的Array数组
#The numpy.array() function can take a list or list of lists as input. When we input a list, we get a one-dimensional array as a result: #一维的Array数组[] vector = numpy.array([5, 10, 15, 20]) #二维的Array数组[[],[],[]] matrix = numpy.array([[5, 10, 15], [20, 25, 30], [35, 40, 45]]) print vector print matrix -
shape用法
#We can use the ndarray.shape property to figure out how many elements are in the array vector = numpy.array([1, 2, 3, 4]) print(vector.shape) #For matrices, the shape property contains a tuple with 2 elements. matrix = numpy.array([[5, 10, 15], [20, 25, 30]]) print(matrix.shape) (4,) (2, 3) -
dtype用法（numpy要求numpy.array内部元素结构相同）
numbers = numpy.array([1, 2, 3, 4]) numbers.dtype dtype('int32') #改变其中一个值时，其他值都会改变 numbers = numpy.array([1, 2, 3, '4']) print(numbers) numbers.dtype ['1' '2' '3' '4'] dtype('<U11') -
索引定位
[[u'1986' u'Western Pacific' u'Viet Nam' u'Wine' u'0'] [u'1986' u'Americas' u'Uruguay' u'Other' u'0.5'] [u'1985' u'Africa' u"Cte d'Ivoire" u'Wine' u'1.62'] ..., [u'1987' u'Africa' u'Malawi' u'Other' u'0.75'] [u'1989' u'Americas' u'Bahamas' u'Wine' u'1.5'] [u'1985' u'Africa' u'Malawi' u'Spirits' u'0.31']] uruguay_other_1986 = world_alcohol[1,4] third_country = world_alcohol[2,2] print uruguay_other_1986 print third_country 0.5 Cte d'Ivoire -
索引切片
vector = numpy.array([5, 10, 15, 20]) print(vector[0:3]) [ 5 10 15] -
取某一列（：表示所有行）
matrix = numpy.array([ [5, 10, 15], [20, 25, 30], [35, 40, 45] ]) print(matrix[:,1]) [10 25 40] matrix = numpy.array([ [5, 10, 15], [20, 25, 30], [35, 40, 45] ]) print(matrix[:,0:2]) [[ 5 10] [20 25] [35 40]] matrix = numpy.array([ [5, 10, 15], [20, 25, 30], [35, 40, 45] ]) print(matrix[1:3,0:2]) [[20 25] [35 40]] -
版权声明：本套技术专栏是作者（秦凯新）平时工作的总结和升华，通过从真实商业环境抽取案例进行总结和分享，并给出商业应用的调优建议和集群环境容量规划等内容，请持续关注本套博客。QQ邮箱地址：1120746959@qq.com，如有任何学术交流，可随时联系。
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对Array操作表示对内部所有元素进行操作
import numpy #it will compare the second value to each element in the vector # If the values are equal, the Python interpreter returns True; otherwise, it returns False vector = numpy.array([5, 10, 15, 20]) vector == 10 array([False, True, False, False], dtype=bool) matrix = numpy.array([ [5, 10, 15], [20, 25, 30], [35, 40, 45] ]) matrix == 25 array([[False, False, False], [False, True, False], [False, False, False]], dtype=bool) -
布尔值当索引（[False True False False]）
vector = numpy.array([5, 10, 15, 20]) equal_to_ten = (vector == 10) print equal_to_ten print(vector[equal_to_ten]) [False True False False] [10] #矩阵表示索引 matrix = numpy.array([ [5, 10, 15], [20, 25, 30], [35, 40, 45] ]) second_column_25 = (matrix[:,1] == 25) print second_column_25 print(matrix[second_column_25, :]) [False True False] [[20 25 30]] -
对数组进行与运算
#We can also perform comparisons with multiple conditions vector = numpy.array([5, 10, 15, 20]) equal_to_ten_and_five = (vector == 10) & (vector == 5) print equal_to_ten_and_five [False False False False] vector = numpy.array([5, 10, 15, 20]) equal_to_ten_or_five = (vector == 10) | (vector == 5) print equal_to_ten_or_five [ True True False False] -
值类型转换
vector = numpy.array(["1", "2", "3"]) print vector.dtype print vector vector = vector.astype(float) print vector.dtype print vector |S1 ['1' '2' '3'] float64 [ 1. 2. 3.] -
聚合求解
vector = numpy.array([5, 10, 15, 20]) vector.sum() -
按行维度（axis=1）
matrix = numpy.array([ [5, 10, 15], [20, 25, 30], [35, 40, 45] ]) matrix.sum(axis=1) array([ 30, 75, 120]) -
按列求和（axis=0）
matrix = numpy.array([ [5, 10, 15], [20, 25, 30], [35, 40, 45] ]) matrix.sum(axis=0) -
矩阵操作np.arange生成0-N的整数
import numpy as np a = np.arange(15).reshape(3, 5) a array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12, 13, 14]]) a.ndim 2 a.dtype.name 'int32' a.size 15 -
矩阵初始化
np.zeros ((3,4)) array([[ 0., 0., 0., 0.], [ 0., 0., 0., 0.], [ 0., 0., 0., 0.]]) np.ones( (2,3,4), dtype=np.int32 ) array([[[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]], [[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]]]) -
按照间隔生成数据
np.arange( 10, 30, 5 ) array([10, 15, 20, 25]) np.arange( 0, 2, 0.3 ) array([ 0. , 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8]) -
随机生成数据
np.random.random((2,3)) array([[ 0.40130659, 0.45452825, 0.79776512], [ 0.63220592, 0.74591134, 0.64130737]]) -
linspace在0到2pi之间取100个数
from numpy import pi np.linspace( 0, 2*pi, 100 ) array([ 0. , 0.06346652, 0.12693304, 0.19039955, 0.25386607, 0.31733259, 0.38079911, 0.44426563, 0.50773215, 0.57119866, 0.63466518, 0.6981317 , 0.76159822, 0.82506474, 0.88853126, 0.95199777, 1.01546429, 1.07893081, 1.14239733, 1.20586385, 1.26933037, 1.33279688, 1.3962634 , 1.45972992, 1.52319644, 1.58666296, 1.65012947, 1.71359599, 1.77706251, 1.84052903, 1.90399555, 1.96746207, 2.03092858, 2.0943951 , 2.15786162, 2.22132814, 2.28479466, 2.34826118, 2.41172769, 2.47519421, 2.53866073, 2.60212725, 2.66559377, 2.72906028, 2.7925268 , 2.85599332, 2.91945984, 2.98292636, 3.04639288, 3.10985939, 3.17332591, 3.23679243, 3.30025895, 3.36372547, 3.42719199, 3.4906585 , 3.55412502, 3.61759154, 3.68105806, 3.74452458, 3.8079911 , 3.87145761, 3.93492413, 3.99839065, 4.06185717, 4.12532369, 4.1887902 , 4.25225672, 4.31572324, 4.37918976, 4.44265628, 4.5061228 , 4.56958931, 4.63305583, 4.69652235, 4.75998887, 4.82345539, 4.88692191, 4.95038842, 5.01385494, 5.07732146, 5.14078798, 5.2042545 , 5.26772102, 5.33118753, 5.39465405, 5.45812057, 5.52158709, 5.58505361, 5.64852012, 5.71198664, 5.77545316, 5.83891968, 5.9023862 , 5.96585272, 6.02931923, 6.09278575, 6.15625227, 6.21971879, 6.28318531]) -
矩阵基本操作
#the product operator * operates elementwise in NumPy arrays a = np.array( [20,30,40,50] ) b = np.arange( 4 ) print (a) print (b) #b c = a-b print (c) b**2 print (b**2) print (a<35) [20 30 40 50] [0 1 2 3] [20 29 38 47] [ True True False False] -
矩阵相乘
#The matrix product can be performed using the dot function or method A = np.array([[1,1], [0,1]] ) B = np.array([[2,0], [3,4]]) print (A) print (B) print (A*B) print (A.dot(B)) print (np.dot(A, B) ) [[1 1] [0 1]] [[2 0] [3 4]] [[2 0] [0 4]] [[5 4] [3 4]] [[5 4] [3 4]] -
矩阵操作floor向下取整
import numpy as np B = np.arange(3) print (B) #print np.exp(B) print (np.sqrt(B)) [0 1 2] [0. 1. 1.41421356] #Return the floor of the input a = np.floor(10*np.random.random((3,4))) #print a #Return the floor of the input a = np.floor(10*np.random.random((3,4))) print (a) print(a.reshape(2,-1)) [[0. 4. 2. 2.] [8. 1. 5. 7.] [0. 9. 7. 4.]] [[0. 4. 2. 2. 8. 1.] [5. 7. 0. 9. 7. 4.]] -
hstack矩阵拼接
a = np.floor(10*np.random.random((2,2))) b = np.floor(10*np.random.random((2,2))) print a print '---' print b print '---' print np.hstack((a,b)) [[ 5. 6.] [ 1. 5.]] --- [[ 8. 6.] [ 9. 0.]] --- [[ 5. 6. 8. 6.] [ 1. 5. 9. 0.]] a = np.floor(10*np.random.random((2,2))) b = np.floor(10*np.random.random((2,2))) print (a) print ('---') print (b) print ('---') #print np.hstack((a,b)) np.vstack((a,b)) [[7. 7.] [2. 6.]] --- [[0. 6.] [0. 3.]] --- array([[1., 0.], [3., 6.], [4., 2.], [8., 7.]]) a = np.floor(10*np.random.random((2,12))) print (a) print (np.hsplit(a,3)) [[6. 5. 2. 4. 2. 4. 9. 4. 4. 6. 8. 9.] [8. 4. 0. 2. 6. 5. 2. 5. 0. 4. 1. 6.]] [array([[6., 5., 2., 4.], [8., 4., 0., 2.]]), array([[2., 4., 9., 4.], [6., 5., 2., 5.]]), array([[4., 6., 8., 9.], [0., 4., 1., 6.]])] -
任意选择切分位置
print ( np.hsplit(a,(3,4))) # Split a after the third and the fourth column [[2. 8. 4. 7. 6. 6. 5. 8. 8. 3. 0. 1.] [3. 5. 9. 4. 5. 8. 7. 6. 2. 3. 8. 4.]] [array([[2., 8., 4.], [3., 5., 9.]]), array([[7.], [4.]]), array([[6., 6., 5., 8., 8., 3., 0., 1.], [5., 8., 7., 6., 2., 3., 8., 4.]])] -
变量赋值
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变量视图
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版权声明：本套技术专栏是作者（秦凯新）平时工作的总结和升华，通过从真实商业环境抽取案例进行总结和分享，并给出商业应用的调优建议和集群环境容量规划等内容，请持续关注本套博客。QQ邮箱地址：1120746959@qq.com，如有任何学术交流，可随时联系。
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copy实现变量之间没有关系
d = a.copy() d is a d[0,0] = 9999 print d print a [[9999 1 2 3] [1234 5 6 7] [ 8 9 10 11]] [[ 0 1 2 3] [1234 5 6 7] [ 8 9 10 11]] -
寻找列最大值索引
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行列按照倍数扩展（行3倍列5倍）
a = np.arange(0, 40, 10) b = np.tile(a, (3, 5)) print b [[ 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30] [ 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30] [ 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30]] -
按照元素大小排序并给出索引值
a = np.array([4, 3, 1, 2]) j = np.argsort(a) print j print a[j] [2 3 1 0] [1 2 3 4] -
对数组按照元素大小排序
a = np.array([[4, 3, 5], [1, 2, 1]]) #print a b = np.sort(a, axis=1) print (b) [[3 4 5] [1 1 2]]
2 Pandas详细使用（底层基于Numpy）
2.1 Pandas基本操作
- Pandas核心结构（DataFrame）
- Pandas 字符型表示为Object
- Pandas数据基本类型展示
import pandas
food_info = pandas.read_csv("food_info.csv")
print(type(food_info))
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
col_names = food_info.columns.tolist()
['NDB_No', 'Shrt_Desc', 'Water_(g)', 'Energ_Kcal', 'Protein_(g)', 'Lipid_Tot_(g)', 'Ash_(g)',
'Carbohydrt_(g)', 'Fiber_TD_(g)', 'Sugar_Tot_(g)', 'Calcium_(mg)', 'Iron_(mg)',
'Magnesium_(mg)', 'Phosphorus_(mg)', 'Potassium_(mg)', 'Sodium_(mg)', 'Zinc_(mg)',
'Copper_(mg)', 'Manganese_(mg)', 'Selenium_(mcg)', 'Vit_C_(mg)', 'Thiamin_(mg)',
'Riboflavin_(mg)', 'Niacin_(mg)', 'Vit_B6_(mg)', 'Vit_B12_(mcg)', 'Vit_A_IU', 'Vit_A_RAE',
'Vit_E_(mg)', 'Vit_D_mcg', 'Vit_D_IU', 'Vit_K_(mcg)', 'FA_Sat_(g)', 'FA_Mono_(g)',
'FA_Poly_(g)', 'Cholestrl_(mg)']
print food_info.dtypes
NDB_No int64
Shrt_Desc object
Water_(g) float64
Energ_Kcal int64
Protein_(g) float64
Lipid_Tot_(g) float64
Ash_(g) float64
Carbohydrt_(g) float64
Fiber_TD_(g) float64
Sugar_Tot_(g) float64
Calcium_(mg) float64
Iron_(mg) float64
Magnesium_(mg) float64
Phosphorus_(mg) float64
Potassium_(mg) float64
Sodium_(mg) float64
Zinc_(mg) float64
Copper_(mg) float64
Manganese_(mg) float64
Selenium_(mcg) float64
Vit_C_(mg) float64
Thiamin_(mg) float64
Riboflavin_(mg) float64
Niacin_(mg) float64
Vit_B6_(mg) float64
Vit_B12_(mcg) float64
Vit_A_IU float64
Vit_A_RAE float64
Vit_E_(mg) float64
Vit_D_mcg float64
Vit_D_IU float64
Vit_K_(mcg) float64
FA_Sat_(g) float64
FA_Mono_(g) float64
FA_Poly_(g) float64
Cholestrl_(mg) float64
dtype: object
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Pandas基本操作
#可以指定数量 #first_rows = food_info.head() #print(food_info.head(3))
#print food_info.columns
#print food_info.shape
（8618,36）
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取数据操作
#pandas uses zero-indexing #Series object representing the row at index 0. #print food_info.loc[0] # Series object representing the seventh row. #food_info.loc[6] # Will throw an error: "KeyError: 'the label [8620] is not in the [index]'" #food_info.loc[8620] #The object dtype is equivalent to a string in Python -
数据切片
# Returns a DataFrame containing the rows at indexes 3, 4, 5, and 6. #food_info.loc[3:6] # Returns a DataFrame containing the rows at indexes 2, 5, and 10. Either of the following approaches will work. # Method 1 #two_five_ten = [2,5,10] #food_info.loc[two_five_ten] # Method 2 #food_info.loc[[2,5,10]] -
通过列名取出数据
# Series object representing the "NDB_No" column. #ndb_col = food_info["NDB_No"] #print ndb_col # Alternatively, you can access a column by passing in a string variable. #col_name = "NDB_No" #ndb_col = food_info[col_name]
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取出两个列的值
#columns = ["Zinc_(mg)", "Copper_(mg)"] #zinc_copper = food_info[columns] #print zinc_copper #print zinc_copper # Skipping the assignment. #zinc_copper = food_info[["Zinc_(mg)", "Copper_(mg)"]]
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endswith 定位取值
#print(food_info.columns) #print(food_info.head(2)) col_names = food_info.columns.tolist() #print col_names gram_columns = [] for c in col_names: if c.endswith("(g)"): gram_columns.append(c) gram_df = food_info[gram_columns] print(gram_df.head(3))
2.2 Series类型上场
Series 是一个带有 名称 和索引的一维数组，既然是数组，肯定要说到的就是数组中的元素类型，在 Series 中包含的数据类型可以是整数、浮点、字符串、Python对象等。
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版权声明：本套技术专栏是作者（秦凯新）平时工作的总结和升华，通过从真实商业环境抽取案例进行总结和分享，并给出商业应用的调优建议和集群环境容量规划等内容，请持续关注本套博客。QQ邮箱地址：1120746959@qq.com，如有任何学术交流，可随时联系。
# 存储了 4 个年龄：18/30/25/40
user_age = pd.Series(data=[18, 30, 25, 40])
user_age0 18 1 30 2 25 3 40 dtype: int64 -
指定索引
user_age.index = ["Tom", "Bob", "Mary", "James"] user_age Tom 18 Bob 30 Mary 25 James 40 dtype: int64 -
为 index 起个名字
user_age.index.name = "name" user_age name Tom 18 Bob 30 Mary 25 James 40 dtype: int64 -
给 Series 起个名字
user_age.name="user_age_info" user_age name Tom 18 Bob 30 Mary 25 James 40 Name: user_age_info, dtype: int64 -
一个 Series 包括了 data、index 以及 name。
# 构建索引 name = pd.Index(["Tom", "Bob", "Mary", "James"], name="name") # 构建 Series user_age = pd.Series(data=[18, 30, 25, 40], index=name, name="user_age_info") user_age name Tom 18 Bob 30 Mary 25 James 40 Name: user_age_info, dtype: int64 # 指定类型为浮点型 user_age = pd.Series(data=[18, 30, 25, 40], index=name, name="user_age_info", dtype=float) user_age name Tom 18.0 Bob 30.0 Mary 25.0 James 40.0 Name: user_age_info, dtype: float64 -
Series 包含了 dict 的特点，也就意味着可以使用与 dict 类似的一些操作。我们可以将 index 中的元素看成是 dict 中的 key。
# 获取 Tom 的年龄 user_age["Tom"] 18.0 user_age.get("Tom") 18.0 # 指定索引，获取第一个元素 user_age[0] 18.0 # 获取前三个元素 user_age[:3] name Tom 18.0 Bob 30.0 Mary 25.0 Name: user_age_info, dtype: float64 # 获取年龄大于30的元素 user_age[user_age > 30] name James 40.0 Name: user_age_info, dtype: float64 # 获取第4个和第二个元素 user_age[[3, 1]] name James 40.0 Bob 30.0 Name: user_age_info, dtype: float64
2.3 DataFrame隆重登场
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DataFrame 是一个带有索引的二维数据结构，每列可以有自己的名字，并且可以有不同的数据类型。你可以把它想象成一个 excel 表格或者数据库中的一张表，DataFrame 是最常用的 Pandas 对象。
index = pd.Index(data=["Tom", "Bob", "Mary", "James"], name="name") data = { "age": [18, 30, 25, 40], "city": ["BeiJing", "ShangHai", "GuangZhou", "ShenZhen"] } user_info = pd.DataFrame(data=data, index=index) user_info
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通过索引名来访问某行，这种办法需要借助 loc 方法
user_info.loc["Tom"] age 18 city BeiJing Name: Tom, dtype: object -
通过这行所在的位置来选择这一行
user_info.iloc[0] age 18 city BeiJing Name: Tom, dtype: object -
如何访问多行
user_info.iloc[1:3]
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访问列
user_info.age name Tom 18 Bob 30 Mary 25 James 40 Name: age, dtype: int64 user_info["age"] name Tom 18 Bob 30 Mary 25 James 40 Name: age, dtype: int64 #可以变换列的顺序 user_info[["city", "age"]]
3 matplotlib使用实践
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折线图
import pandas as pd unrate = pd.read_csv("C:\\ML\\MLData\\unrate.csv") unrate['DATE'] = pd.to_datetime(unrate['DATE']) print(unrate.head(12)) DATE VALUE 0 1948-01-01 3.4 1 1948-02-01 3.8 2 1948-03-01 4.0 3 1948-04-01 3.9 4 1948-05-01 3.5 5 1948-06-01 3.6 6 1948-07-01 3.6 7 1948-08-01 3.9 8 1948-09-01 3.8 9 1948-10-01 3.7 10 1948-11-01 3.8 11 1948-12-01 4.0 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt plt.plot() plt.show()
first_twelve = unrate[0:12]
plt.plot(first_twelve['DATE'], first_twelve['VALUE'])
plt.show()
plt.plot(first_twelve['DATE'], first_twelve['VALUE'])
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
#print help(plt.xticks)
plt.show()
#xlabel(): accepts a string value, which gets set as the x-axis label.
#ylabel(): accepts a string value, which is set as the y-axis label.
#title(): accepts a string value, which is set as the plot title.
plt.plot(first_twelve['DATE'], first_twelve['VALUE'])
plt.xticks(rotation=90)
plt.xlabel('Month')
plt.ylabel('Unemployment Rate')
plt.title('Monthly Unemployment Trends, 1948')
plt.show()
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多条折线图展示
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,6)) colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green', 'orange', 'black'] for i in range(5): start_index = i*12 end_index = (i+1)*12 subset = unrate[start_index:end_index] label = str(1948 + i) plt.plot(subset['MONTH'], subset['VALUE'], c=colors[i], label=label) plt.legend(loc='upper left') plt.xlabel('Month, Integer') plt.ylabel('Unemployment Rate, Percent') plt.title('Monthly Unemployment Trends, 1948-1952') plt.show()
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柱状图竖型展示
import pandas as pd reviews = pd.read_csv('C:\\ML\\MLData\\fandango_scores.csv') cols = ['FILM', 'RT_user_norm', 'Metacritic_user_nom', 'IMDB_norm', 'Fandango_Ratingvalue', 'Fandango_Stars'] norm_reviews = reviews[cols] print(type(reviews)) #打印出第一行 print(norm_reviews[:1]) <class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from numpy import arange
#取出第一行指定列num_cols的数据
num_cols = ['RT_user_norm', 'Metacritic_user_nom', 'IMDB_norm', 'Fandango_Ratingvalue', 'Fandango_Stars']
bar_heights = norm_reviews.loc[0, num_cols].values
print(bar_heights)
[4.3 3.55 3.9 4.5 5.0]
bar_heights = norm_reviews.loc[0, num_cols].values
#横轴位置
bar_positions = arange(5) + 0.75
#横轴标识的位置（1到6之间）
tick_positions = range(1,6)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
#0.5标识柱状图宽度
ax.bar(bar_positions, bar_heights, 0.5)
ax.set_xticks(tick_positions)
ax.set_xticklabels(num_cols, rotation=90)
ax.set_xlabel('Rating Source')
ax.set_ylabel('Average Rating')
ax.set_title('Average User Rating For Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015)')
plt.show()
-
柱状图横向表示
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from numpy import arange num_cols = ['RT_user_norm', 'Metacritic_user_nom', 'IMDB_norm', 'Fandango_Ratingvalue', 'Fandango_Stars'] bar_widths = norm_reviews.loc[0, num_cols].values bar_positions = arange(5) + 0.75 #横轴标识名的位置（1到6之间） tick_positions = range(1,6) fig, ax = plt.subplots() ax.barh(bar_positions, bar_widths, 0.6) ax.set_yticks(tick_positions) ax.set_yticklabels(num_cols) ax.set_ylabel('Rating Source') ax.set_xlabel('Average Rating') ax.set_title('Average User Rating For Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015)') plt.show()
-
散点图
#Switching Axes fig = plt.figure(figsize=(5,10)) ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2,1,1) ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2,1,2) ax1.scatter(norm_reviews['Fandango_Ratingvalue'], norm_reviews['RT_user_norm']) ax1.set_xlabel('Fandango') ax1.set_ylabel('Rotten Tomatoes') ax2.scatter(norm_reviews['RT_user_norm'], norm_reviews['Fandango_Ratingvalue']) ax2.set_xlabel('Rotten Tomatoes') ax2.set_ylabel('Fandango') plt.show()
- Hist的bins区间统计
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
reviews = pd.read_csv('C:\\ML\\MLData\\fandango_scores.csv')
cols = ['FILM', 'RT_user_norm', 'Metacritic_user_nom', 'IMDB_norm', 'Fandango_Ratingvalue']
norm_reviews = reviews[cols]
print(norm_reviews[:5])
#按照列进行分组聚合
fandango_distribution = norm_reviews['Fandango_Ratingvalue'].value_counts()
fandango_distribution = fandango_distribution.sort_index()
#按照列进行分组聚合
imdb_distribution = norm_reviews['IMDB_norm'].value_counts()
imdb_distribution = imdb_distribution.sort_index()
print(fandango_distribution)
2.7 2
2.8 2
2.9 5
3.0 4
3.1 3
3.2 5
3.3 4
3.4 9
3.5 9
3.6 8
3.7 9
3.8 5
3.9 12
4.0 7
4.1 16
4.2 12
4.3 11
4.4 7
4.5 9
4.6 4
4.8 3
Name: Fandango_Ratingvalue, dtype: int64
print(imdb_distribution)
2.00 1
2.10 1
2.15 1
2.20 1
2.30 2
2.45 2
2.50 1
2.55 1
2.60 2
2.70 4
2.75 5
2.80 2
2.85 1
2.90 1
2.95 3
3.00 2
3.05 4
3.10 1
3.15 9
3.20 6
3.25 4
3.30 9
3.35 7
3.40 1
3.45 7
3.50 4
3.55 7
3.60 10
3.65 5
3.70 8
3.75 6
3.80 3
3.85 4
3.90 9
3.95 2
4.00 1
4.05 1
4.10 4
4.15 1
4.20 2
4.30 1
Name: IMDB_norm, dtype: int64
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
#ax.hist(norm_reviews['Fandango_Ratingvalue'])
#ax.hist(norm_reviews['Fandango_Ratingvalue'],bins=20)
指定区间为20个，范围为4到5
ax.hist(norm_reviews['Fandango_Ratingvalue'], range=(4, 5),bins=20)
plt.show()
-
4分图盒图
num_cols = ['RT_user_norm', 'Metacritic_user_nom', 'IMDB_norm', 'Fandango_Ratingvalue'] fig, ax = plt.subplots() #指定统计列取出对应值 ax.boxplot(norm_reviews[num_cols].values) ax.set_xticklabels(num_cols, rotation=90) ax.set_ylim(0,5) plt.show()
4 Seaborn专业可视化库（基于matplot）
-
风格设置
import seaborn as sns import numpy as np import matplotlib as mpl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt %matplotlib inline sns.set_style("whitegrid") data = np.random.normal(size=(20, 6)) + np.arange(6) / 2 sns.boxplot(data=data)
sns.set_style("dark")
sinplot()
sns.set_style("white")
sinplot()
sns.set_style("whitegrid")
sns.boxplot(data=data, palette="deep")
sns.despine(left=True)
-
调色板设置
import numpy as np import seaborn as sns import matplotlib.pyplot as plt %matplotlib inline sns.set(rc={"figure.figsize": (6, 6)}) current_palette = sns.color_palette() sns.palplot(current_palette)
6个默认的颜色循环主题： deep, muted, pastel, bright, dark, colorblind
sns.palplot(sns.color_palette("hls", 8))
data = np.random.normal(size=(20, 8)) + np.arange(8) / 2
sns.boxplot(data=data,palette=sns.color_palette("hls", 8))
data = np.random.normal(size=(20, 8)) + np.arange(8) / 2
#print(data)
sns.boxplot(data=data,palette=sns.color_palette("hls", 8))
-
区间直方图绘制（kde是否指定核密度估计）
x = np.random.gamma(6, size=200) sns.distplot(x, kde=False, fit=stats.gamma)
-
线性回归1
%matplotlib inline import numpy as np import pandas as pd import matplotlib as mpl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import seaborn as sns sns.set(color_codes=True) np.random.seed(sum(map(ord, "regression"))) tips = sns.load_dataset("tips") tips.head()
sns.regplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", data=tips)
-
线性回归2
sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", hue="smoker", data=tips);
-
多分类问题
%matplotlib inline import numpy as np import pandas as pd import matplotlib as mpl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import seaborn as sns sns.set(style="whitegrid", color_codes=True) np.random.seed(sum(map(ord, "categorical"))) titanic = sns.load_dataset("titanic") tips = sns.load_dataset("tips") iris = sns.load_dataset("iris") sns.stripplot(x="day", y="total_bill", data=tips);
sns.stripplot(x="day", y="total_bill", data=tips, jitter=True)
-
树桩展示均匀展示
sns.swarmplot(x="day", y="total_bill", data=tips)
-
树桩展示均匀并分类展示
sns.swarmplot(x="day", y="total_bill", hue="sex",data=tips)
-
盒图
IQR即统计学概念四分位距，第一/四分位与第三/四分位之间的距离 N = 1.5IQR 如果一个值>Q3+N或 < Ｑ1-N,则为离群点 #横杠最小值和最大值 sns.boxplot(x="day", y="total_bill", hue="time", data=tips);
-
小提琴图（越胖包含的数据越多）
sns.violinplot(x="day", y="total_bill", hue="sex", data=tips, split=True);
-
葫芦图
sns.violinplot(x="day", y="total_bill", data=tips, inner=None) sns.swarmplot(x="day", y="total_bill", data=tips, color="w", alpha=.5)
-
柱状分类统计图
sns.barplot(x="sex", y="survived", hue="class", data=titanic);
-
点图可以更好的描述变化差异
sns.pointplot(x="sex", y="survived", hue="class", data=titanic);
sns.pointplot(x="class", y="survived", hue="sex", data=titanic,
palette={"male": "g", "female": "m"},
markers=["^", "o"], linestyles=["-", "--"]);
-
多层面板分类图
sns.factorplot(x="day", y="total_bill", hue="smoker", data=tips)
sns.factorplot(x="day", y="total_bill", hue="smoker", data=tips, kind="bar")
sns.factorplot(x="day", y="total_bill", hue="smoker",
col="time", data=tips, kind="swarm")
sns.factorplot(x="time", y="total_bill", hue="smoker",
col="day", data=tips, kind="box", size=4, aspect=.5)
-
FacetGrid 多参数网格面板
%matplotlib inline import numpy as np import pandas as pd import seaborn as sns from scipy import stats import matplotlib as mpl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt sns.set(style="ticks") np.random.seed(sum(map(ord, "axis_grids"))) tips = sns.load_dataset("tips") tips.head()
g = sns.FacetGrid(tips, col="time")
g.map(plt.hist, "tip");
g = sns.FacetGrid(tips, col="sex", hue="smoker")
g.map(plt.scatter, "total_bill", "tip", alpha=.7)
g.add_legend();
g = sns.FacetGrid(tips, row="smoker", col="time", margin_titles=True)
g.map(sns.regplot, "size", "total_bill", color=".1", fit_reg=False, x_jitter=.1);
-
热力图
%matplotlib inline import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np; np.random.seed(0) import seaborn as sns; sns.set() uniform_data = np.random.rand(3, 3) print (uniform_data) heatmap = sns.heatmap(uniform_data) [[ 0.0187898 0.6176355 0.61209572] [ 0.616934 0.94374808 0.6818203 ] [ 0.3595079 0.43703195 0.6976312 ]]
ax = sns.heatmap(flights, linewidths=.5)
5 总结
方便复习，整成笔记，内容粗略，勿怪，待完善。
版权声明：本套技术专栏是作者（秦凯新）平时工作的总结和升华，通过从真实商业环境抽取案例进行总结和分享，并给出商业应用的调优建议和集群环境容量规划等内容，请持续关注本套博客。QQ邮箱地址：1120746959@qq.com，如有任何学术交流，可随时联系。
秦凯新 于深圳
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