c语言编程--字符串分隔 strtok

1.分解字符串为一组字符串。s为要分解的字符串，delim为分隔符字符串。首次调用时，s指向要分解的字符串，之后再次调用要把s设成NULL。

2.

源码：

/***
*strtok.c - tokenize a string with given delimiters
*
*         Copyright (c) 1989-1997, Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
*
*Purpose:
*         defines strtok() - breaks string into series of token
*         via repeated calls.
*
*******************************************************************************/

#include <cruntime.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifdef _MT
#include <mtdll.h>
#endif    /* _MT */

/***
*char *strtok(string, control) - tokenize string with delimiter in control
*
*Purpose:
*         strtok considers the string to consist of a sequence of zero or more
*         text tokens separated by spans of one or more control chars. the first
*         call, with string specified, returns a pointer to the first char of the
*         first token, and will write a null char into string immediately
*         following the returned token. subsequent calls with zero for the first
*         argument (string) will work thru the string until no tokens remain. the
*         control string may be different from call to call. when no tokens remain
*         in string a NULL pointer is returned. remember the control chars with a
*         bit map, one bit per ascii char. the null char is always a control char.
*
*Entry:
*         char *string - string to tokenize, or NULL to get next token
*         char *control - string of characters to use as delimiters
*
*Exit:
*         returns pointer to first token in string, or if string
*         was NULL, to next token
*         returns NULL when no more tokens remain.
*
*Uses:
*
*Exceptions:
*
*******************************************************************************/

char * __cdecl strtok (
          char * string,
          const char * control
          )
{
          unsigned char *str;
          const unsigned char *ctrl = control;

          unsigned char map[32];
          int count;

#ifdef _MT
          _ptiddata ptd = _getptd();
#else    /* _MT */
          static char *nextoken;
#endif    /* _MT */

          /* Clear control map */
          for (count = 0; count < 32; count++)
                  map[count] = 0;

          /* Set bits in delimiter table */
          do {
                  map[*ctrl >> 3] |= (1 << (*ctrl & 7));
          } while (*ctrl++);

          /* Initialize str. If string is NULL, set str to the saved
           * pointer (i.e., continue breaking tokens out of the string
           * from the last strtok call) */
          if (string)
                  str = string;
          else
#ifdef _MT
                  str = ptd->_token;
#else    /* _MT */
                  str = nextoken;
#endif    /* _MT */

          /* Find beginning of token (skip over leading delimiters). Note that
           * there is no token iff this loop sets str to point to the terminal
           * null (*str == '/0') */
          while ( (map[*str >> 3] & (1 << (*str & 7))) && *str )
                  str++;

          string = str;

          /* Find the end of the token. If it is not the end of the string,
           * put a null there. */
          for ( ; *str ; str++ )
                  if ( map[*str >> 3] & (1 << (*str & 7)) ) {
                          *str++ = '/0';
                          break;
                  }

          /* Update nextoken (or the corresponding field in the per-thread data
           * structure */
#ifdef _MT
          ptd->_token = str;
#else    /* _MT */
          nextoken = str;
#endif    /* _MT */
          /* Determine if a token has been found. */
          if ( string == str )
                  return NULL;
          else
                  return string;
}
源码结束！！
/******************************************************
    if (string) 这里就是为什么第二次str要赋值为NULL的原因
                  str = string;
          else
#ifdef _MT
                  str = ptd->_token;
#else    /* _MT */
                  str = nextoken;
#endif    /* _MT */
××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××/
/**************************************************************
以下是算法：
map[*ctrl >> 3] |= (1 << (*ctrl & 7))说明：
map[*ctrl   >>   3]   |=   (1   <<   (*ctrl   &   7));  
  这句是这样的意思  
      首先map[32]是个uchar型数组，数组每一个是8位，其中每一位可以表示一个字符，32×8=256,这样的话，map[32]中有256个bit，每个bit表示一个ASCII码，那么可以表示256个ASCII码。  
      *ctrl   >>   3，表示将安ascii码，给其分类，*ctrl   >>   3表示，除以8的意思，将ascii每八位分为一组，也就是map[32]中的一个。  
      1   <<   (*ctrl   &   7)，这个是这样的意思，7表示为二进制就是00000111，这样的话，相当于是一个数除以8后剩余的余数。1   <<   (*ctrl   &   7)，就是将二进制00000001，向右移动(*ctrl   &   7)个位。  
      map[*ctrl   >>   3]   |=   (1   <<   (*ctrl   &   7))，就是表示将map[*ctrl   >>   3]中的(*ctrl   &   7)＋1位设为1，表示在该位置查询到一个ascii字符。  
      这样做以后，就相当于简历了一个表，只要查询相应的位是否为1，就知道该字符，在strtok的字符串中是否出现过。

分析：

这里类似于函数重载，相当于第一次使用静态变量将值存在数组中，以后每次调用的时候，直接调用函数，就可以在静态数组中读取该值。