形变立体跟踪-基于稠密运动估计和力学仿真(1)

参考文献：Real-time target tracking of soft tissues in 3D ultrasound images based on robust visual information and mechanical simulation

期刊水平：MIA， medical imaging analysis

 图一：作者方法的计算流程图。深色的表示数据的输入和输出；浅色的表示作者的处理方法。

1. Introduction

Soft-tissue motion tracking is an active research area that consists in providing accurate evaluation about the location of anatomical structures. To do so, ultrasound imaging is often used since it is non-invasive, real-time and portable. Thus, several
ultrasound tracking approaches have been developed in order to estimate soft tissue displacements that are caused by physiological motions and manipulations by medical tools. These methods have gained significant interest for image-guided therapies such as radio-frequency ablation (RFA)  or high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) (Pernot et al., 2004) that consist in eliminating tumors by delivering a local treatment on a targeted anatomical region. However, these tracking techniques remain sensitive to different ultrasound imaging shortcomings such as large ultrasound shadows, gain change and speckle noise. In this paper, we propose a novel tracking approach to tackle these limitations. Our method combines an intensity-based approach with a mechanical regularization（机械正规化）. We also propose an ultrasound-specific similarity criterion that has the advantage to be computationally efficient and robust to gain changes introduced by ultrasound imaging.

软组织的运动跟踪是一个活跃的研究领域，在于可以准确定位解剖结构位置。超声图像因为无损伤、实时、便携，被广泛使用。因此，一些研究人员设计了基于超声图像的跟踪方法，用于估计软组织的偏移（这些偏移主要是由生理运动和手术器械的操作造成的）。这些方法使得基于图像的治疗技术，如射频消融、高强度聚焦超声，受益良多（通过对靶向区域提供局部治疗进而消除肿瘤）。然而，这些方法仍然对超声图像的声影、斑点噪声、增益变化敏感，这篇文章，作者就是为了解决这些问题。作者的方法主要联合了基于灰度的方法和机械正则化。作者找到了一种适用于超声的相似性测度，使得相似度计算过程有效且鲁邦。

RFA参考文献：Higgins H, Berger D L. RFA for Liver Tumors: Does It Really Work?[J]. Oncologist, 2006, 11(7): 801-808.