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概述:
介绍基于Junit ,Mockito,PowerMockito 常用的测试方法,包括异常测试,私有方法测试,没有返回值的方法测试,基于mock或spy的测试;
其中包含常规方法mock,私有方法mock。
一 测试介绍
1)测试原则:
凡是需要验证的方法都可以写单元测试,证明预期行为(不区分 controller,service ,dao)
2)测试分类:
a)单元测试:测试方法的 “逻辑” 是否满足期望。
b)集成测试:集成各个依赖组件,测试整体流程是否能通。
3)关于依赖:
单元测试一般测试当前方法的逻辑,不测试被依赖的类方法或自己的私有方法。
4)Mock 和 Spy 生成类区别
Mock:生成的类,所有方法都不是真实的方法,而且返回值都是NULL; 通过when 指定行为。
Spy:生成的类,所有方法都是真实方法,返回值都是和真实方法一样的;通过when 来将某个真实的方法,替换为指定行为的执行。
5)参考
1)普通mockito mock
2)使用powerMock ,增强 静态方法,私有方法能力;
二 Demo 本程序依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>x.test</groupId> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>test</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <junit.version>4.12</junit.version> <mockito.version>2.8.47</mockito.version> <powermock.version>1.7.0</powermock.version> <assertj.version>3.8.0</assertj.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- test --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mockito</groupId> <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId> <version>${mockito.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId> <version>${powermock.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId> <version>${powermock.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.assertj</groupId> <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId> <version>${assertj.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- utils --> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId> <artifactId>guava</artifactId> <version>20.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
三 简单的测试
测试抛异常,无返回值的方法测试,私有方法测试
1)被测试类
package x.test.simple;
import com.google.common.base.Strings;
/**
* 测试demo class
* <p>
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public class HelloWho {
private String who;
public HelloWho(String who) {
//条件路径
if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(who)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("who can not be null!");
}
//赋值路径
this.who = who;
}
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println(getHelloMessage());
}
private String getHelloMessage() {
return "Hello " + who;
}
}
2)测试类
package x.test.simple;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.powermock.reflect.Whitebox;
/**
* 基础测试:
* <p>
* 1 测试抛异常
* 2 测试无返回值
* 3 测试私有方法
*/
public class HelloWhoTest {
@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
public void test_construction_empty_who_throw_exception() {
new HelloWho("");
}
@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
public void test_construction_null_who_throw_exception() {
new HelloWho(null);
}
/**
* 无返回值的方法测试,查看其修改的成员变量是否成功
*/
@Test
public void test_construction_args_set_who() throws Exception {
//预期结果
String expectWho = "A";
//执行被测试方法
HelloWho helloWho = new HelloWho(expectWho);
//白盒,获取修改的成员变量
String actualWho = (String) Whitebox.getField(helloWho.getClass(), "who").get(helloWho);
//断言
Assertions.assertThat(actualWho).isEqualTo(expectWho);
}
/**
* 测试私有方法
*/
@Test
public void test_getHelloMessage() throws Exception {
//准备方法参数
String who = "A";
//准备预期结构
String expextMessage = "Hello " + who;
//执行被测试方法
HelloWho helloWho = new HelloWho(who);
String actualMessage = Whitebox.invokeMethod(helloWho, "getHelloMessage");
//断言
Assertions.assertThat(actualMessage).isEqualTo(expextMessage);
}
}
四 基于Mock的测试
依赖mock,私有方法mock,验证方法是否被执行
1)被依赖类Dao
package x.test.adv.dao.pojo;
/**
* 用户
* <p>
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public class User {
}
package x.test.adv.dao;
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
/**
* 用户dao
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public interface UserDao {
/**
* 保存
*
* @param user 用户
* @return true : 保存成功 ; false : 用户已存在
*/
boolean save(User user);
}
2)待测试类Service
package x.test.adv.service;
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
/**
* 用户服务
* <p>
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public interface UserService {
/**
* 保存 , 如果保存成功,记录日志
*
* @param user user
*/
void save(User user);
}
package x.test.adv.service.impl;
import x.test.adv.dao.UserDao;
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
import x.test.adv.service.UserService;
/**
* 带依赖的测试
* <p>
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void save(User user) {
//保存
boolean isSave = userDao.save(user);
//写大数据日志
if (isSave) {
writeLog(user);
}
}
private void writeLog(User user) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
3)测试类
package x.test.adv.service.impl;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import x.test.adv.dao.UserDao;
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
/**
* 带依赖的测试:
* 1 mock 依赖
* 2 mock 私有方法
*/
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
//mock 静态方法,私有方法,需要添加该注解,以便通知框架
@PrepareForTest(UserServiceImpl.class)
public class UserServiceImplTest {
//mock 依赖注入到该bean
@InjectMocks
private UserServiceImpl userServiceImpl;
//mock 依赖
@Mock
private UserDao userDao;
//完成依赖注入
@Before
public void setUp() {
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
}
/**
* 测试保存成功,写日志
*/
@Test
public void test_save_true_verify_writelog() throws Exception {
// 侦查对象
UserServiceImpl spyUserService = PowerMockito.spy(userServiceImpl);
//创建输入
User user = new User();
//打桩
// mock 依赖行为,等价于 BDDMockito.given(userDao.save(user)).willReturn(true);
Mockito.when(userDao.save(user)).thenReturn(true);
//mock 私有方法
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(spyUserService, "writeLog", user);
//调用实际方法
spyUserService.save(user);
//断言 writelog 被执行一次
PowerMockito.verifyPrivate(spyUserService, Mockito.times(1)).invoke("writeLog", user);
}
/**
* 测试保存成功,写日志
*/
@Test
public void test_save_false_no_writelog() throws Exception{
// 侦查对象
UserServiceImpl spyUserService = PowerMockito.spy(userServiceImpl);
//创建输入
User user = new User();
//打桩
// mock 依赖行为,等价于 BDDMockito.given(userDao.save(user)).willReturn(true);
Mockito.when(userDao.save(user)).thenReturn(false);
//mock 私有方法
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(spyUserService, "writeLog", user);
//调用实际方法
spyUserService.save(user);
//断言 writelog 被执行一次
PowerMockito.verifyPrivate(spyUserService, Mockito.times(0)).invoke("writeLog", user);
}
}