[a@b ~]$ cd compile_test/
[a@b compile_test]$ ls
foo1.c foo1.o foo2.c foo2.o foo2.s hello hello.c hello.o libfoo.so
[a@b compile_test]$ readelf -s hello.o
Symbol table '.symtab' contains 10 entries:
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND
1: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS hello.c
2: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 1
3: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 3
4: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 4
5: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 6
6: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 5
7: 00000000 38 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 1 main
8: 00000000 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT UND foo2
9: 00000000 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT UND foo2_func
[a@b compile_test]$
[a@b compile_test]$ readelf -s hello
Symbol table '.dynsym' contains 12 entries:
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND
1: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__
2: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _Jv_RegisterClasses
3: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.0 (2)
4: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND foo2_func
5: 08049754 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS _end
6: 08049748 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS _edata
7: 08049748 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 25 foo2
8: 0804859c 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 15 _IO_stdin_used
9: 08049748 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS __bss_start
10: 08048384 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 11 _init
11: 0804857c 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 _fini
Symbol table '.symtab' contains 66 entries:
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND
1: 08048134 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 1
2: 08048148 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 2
3: 08048168 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 3
4: 0804818c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 4
5: 080481cc 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 5
6: 0804828c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 6
7: 08048322 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 7
8: 0804833c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 8
9: 0804835c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 9
10: 0804836c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 10
11: 08048384 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 11
12: 080483b4 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 12
13: 08048400 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 13
14: 0804857c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 14
15: 08048598 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 15
16: 080485a4 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 16
17: 080485c8 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 17
18: 08049644 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 18
19: 0804964c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 19
20: 08049654 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 20
21: 08049658 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 21
22: 08049728 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 22
23: 0804972c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 23
24: 08049744 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 24
25: 08049748 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 25
26: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 26
27: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c
28: 08049644 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __CTOR_LIST__
29: 0804964c 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 19 __DTOR_LIST__
30: 08049654 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 20 __JCR_LIST__
31: 08048430 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 13 __do_global_dtors_aux
32: 0804974c 1 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 25 completed.5972
33: 08049750 4 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 25 dtor_idx.5974
34: 08048490 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 13 frame_dummy
35: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c
36: 08049648 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __CTOR_END__
37: 08048640 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 17 __FRAME_END__
38: 08049654 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 20 __JCR_END__
39: 08048550 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 13 __do_global_ctors_aux
40: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS hello.c
41: 0804972c 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 23 _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
42: 08049644 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __init_array_end
43: 08049644 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __init_array_start
44: 08049658 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 21 _DYNAMIC
45: 08049744 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT 24 data_start
46: 080484e0 5 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 __libc_csu_fini
47: 08048400 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 _start
48: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__
49: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _Jv_RegisterClasses
50: 08048598 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 15 _fp_hw
51: 0804857c 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 _fini
52: 08049748 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 25 foo2
53: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_
54: 0804859c 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 15 _IO_stdin_used
55: 08049744 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 24 __data_start
56: 080485a0 0 OBJECT GLOBAL HIDDEN 15 __dso_handle
57: 08049650 0 OBJECT GLOBAL HIDDEN 19 __DTOR_END__
58: 080484f0 90 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 __libc_csu_init
59: 08049748 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS __bss_start
60: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND foo2_func
61: 08049754 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS _end
62: 08049748 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS _edata
63: 0804854a 0 FUNC GLOBAL HIDDEN 13 __i686.get_pc_thunk.bx
64: 080484b4 38 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 main
65: 08048384 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 11 _init
[a@b compile_test]$
[a@b compile_test]$
[a@b compile_test]$ readelf -S hello
There are 30 section headers, starting at offset 0x89c:
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
[ 1] .interp PROGBITS 08048134 000134 000013 00 A 0 0 1
[ 2] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 08048148 000148 000020 00 A 0 0 4
[ 3] .note.gnu.build-i NOTE 08048168 000168 000024 00 A 0 0 4
[ 4] .gnu.hash GNU_HASH 0804818c 00018c 000040 04 A 5 0 4
[ 5] .dynsym DYNSYM 080481cc 0001cc 0000c0 10 A 6 1 4
[ 6] .dynstr STRTAB 0804828c 00028c 000096 00 A 0 0 1
[ 7] .gnu.version VERSYM 08048322 000322 000018 02 A 5 0 2
[ 8] .gnu.version_r VERNEED 0804833c 00033c 000020 00 A 6 1 4
[ 9] .rel.dyn REL 0804835c 00035c 000010 08 A 5 0 4
[10] .rel.plt REL 0804836c 00036c 000018 08 A 5 12 4
[11] .init PROGBITS 08048384 000384 000030 00 AX 0 0 4
[12] .plt PROGBITS 080483b4 0003b4 000040 04 AX 0 0 4
[13] .text PROGBITS 08048400 000400 00017c 00 AX 0 0 16
[14] .fini PROGBITS 0804857c 00057c 00001c 00 AX 0 0 4
[15] .rodata PROGBITS 08048598 000598 00000c 00 A 0 0 4
[16] .eh_frame_hdr PROGBITS 080485a4 0005a4 000024 00 A 0 0 4
[17] .eh_frame PROGBITS 080485c8 0005c8 00007c 00 A 0 0 4
[18] .ctors PROGBITS 08049644 000644 000008 00 WA 0 0 4
[19] .dtors PROGBITS 0804964c 00064c 000008 00 WA 0 0 4
[20] .jcr PROGBITS 08049654 000654 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[21] .dynamic DYNAMIC 08049658 000658 0000d0 08 WA 6 0 4
[22] .got PROGBITS 08049728 000728 000004 04 WA 0 0 4
[23] .got.plt PROGBITS 0804972c 00072c 000018 04 WA 0 0 4
[24] .data PROGBITS 08049744 000744 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[25] .bss NOBITS 08049748 000748 00000c 00 WA 0 0 4
[26] .comment PROGBITS 00000000 000748 000058 01 MS 0 0 1
[27] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 0007a0 0000fc 00 0 0 1
[28] .symtab SYMTAB 00000000 000d4c 000420 10 29 45 4
[29] .strtab STRTAB 00000000 00116c 0001fa 00 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings)
I (info), L (link order), G (group), x (unknown)
O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)
[a@b compile_test]$
[a@b compile_test]$
[a@b compile_test]$ readelf -r hello
Relocation section '.rel.dyn' at offset 0x35c contains 2 entries:
Offset Info Type Sym.Value Sym. Name
08049728 00000106 R_386_GLOB_DAT 00000000 __gmon_start__
08049748 00000705 R_386_COPY 08049748 foo2
Relocation section '.rel.plt' at offset 0x36c contains 3 entries:
Offset Info Type Sym.Value Sym. Name
08049738 00000107 R_386_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 __gmon_start__
0804973c 00000307 R_386_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 __libc_start_main
08049740 00000407 R_386_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 foo2_func
[a@b compile_test]$
[a@b compile_test]$ nm hello | grep foo
08049748 B foo2
U foo2_func
[a@b compile_test]$ readelf -S libfoo.so
There are 27 section headers, starting at offset 0x738:
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
[ 1] .note.gnu.build-i NOTE 000000d4 0000d4 000024 00 A 0 0 4
[ 2] .gnu.hash GNU_HASH 000000f8 0000f8 000048 04 A 3 0 4
[ 3] .dynsym DYNSYM 00000140 000140 0000d0 10 A 4 1 4
[ 4] .dynstr STRTAB 00000210 000210 00008b 00 A 0 0 1
[ 5] .gnu.version VERSYM 0000029c 00029c 00001a 02 A 3 0 2
[ 6] .gnu.version_r VERNEED 000002b8 0002b8 000020 00 A 4 1 4
[ 7] .rel.dyn REL 000002d8 0002d8 000030 08 A 3 0 4
[ 8] .rel.plt REL 00000308 000308 000010 08 A 3 10 4
[ 9] .init PROGBITS 00000318 000318 000030 00 AX 0 0 4
[10] .plt PROGBITS 00000348 000348 000030 04 AX 0 0 4
[11] .text PROGBITS 00000380 000380 000158 00 AX 0 0 16
[12] .fini PROGBITS 000004d8 0004d8 00001c 00 AX 0 0 4
[13] .eh_frame PROGBITS 000004f4 0004f4 000004 00 A 0 0 4
[14] .ctors PROGBITS 000014f8 0004f8 000008 00 WA 0 0 4
[15] .dtors PROGBITS 00001500 000500 000008 00 WA 0 0 4
[16] .jcr PROGBITS 00001508 000508 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[17] .data.rel.ro PROGBITS 0000150c 00050c 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[18] .dynamic DYNAMIC 00001510 000510 0000c0 08 WA 4 0 4
[19] .got PROGBITS 000015d0 0005d0 000014 04 WA 0 0 4
[20] .got.plt PROGBITS 000015e4 0005e4 000014 04 WA 0 0 4
[21] .data PROGBITS 000015f8 0005f8 000008 00 WA 0 0 4
[22] .bss NOBITS 00001600 000600 000008 00 WA 0 0 4
[23] .comment PROGBITS 00000000 000600 000058 01 MS 0 0 1
[24] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 000658 0000dd 00 0 0 1
[25] .symtab SYMTAB 00000000 000b70 000390 10 26 45 4
[26] .strtab STRTAB 00000000 000f00 0001a7 00 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings)
I (info), L (link order), G (group), x (unknown)
O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)
[a@b compile_test]$ readelf -S /lib/
Display all 234 possibilities? (y or n)
[a@b compile_test]$ readelf -S /lib/ld-
ld-2.12.so ld-linux.so.2 ld-lsb.so.3
[a@b compile_test]$ readelf -S /lib/ld-2.12.so
There are 30 section headers, starting at offset 0x227d8:
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
[ 1] .note.gnu.build-i NOTE 004e7114 000114 000024 00 A 0 0 4
[ 2] .hash HASH 004e7138 000138 0000bc 04 A 4 0 4
[ 3] .gnu.hash GNU_HASH 004e71f4 0001f4 0000e0 04 A 4 0 4
[ 4] .dynsym DYNSYM 004e72d4 0002d4 0001c0 10 A 5 1 4
[ 5] .dynstr STRTAB 004e7494 000494 00017e 00 A 0 0 1
[ 6] .gnu.version VERSYM 004e7612 000612 000038 02 A 4 0 2
[ 7] .gnu.version_d VERDEF 004e764c 00064c 0000c8 00 A 5 6 4
[ 8] .rel.dyn REL 004e7714 000714 000078 08 A 4 0 4
[ 9] .rel.plt REL 004e778c 00078c 000030 08 A 4 10 4
[10] .plt PROGBITS 004e77bc 0007bc 000070 04 AX 0 0 4
[11] .text PROGBITS 004e7830 000830 017b2f 00 AX 0 0 16
[12] __libc_freeres_fn PROGBITS 004ff360 018360 00055a 00 AX 0 0 16
[13] .rodata PROGBITS 004ff8c0 0188c0 0029e0 00 A 0 0 32
[14] .stapsdt.base PROGBITS 005022a0 01b2a0 000001 00 A 0 0 1
[15] .eh_frame_hdr PROGBITS 005022a4 01b2a4 0005ec 00 A 0 0 4
[16] .eh_frame PROGBITS 00502890 01b890 002110 00 A 0 0 4
[17] .data.rel.ro PROGBITS 00505c60 01dc60 00029c 00 WA 0 0 32
[18] .dynamic DYNAMIC 00505efc 01defc 0000c8 08 WA 5 0 4
[19] .got PROGBITS 00505fc4 01dfc4 000030 04 WA 0 0 4
[20] .data PROGBITS 00506000 01e000 000834 00 WA 0 0 32
[21] __libc_subfreeres PROGBITS 00506834 01e834 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[22] .bss NOBITS 00506838 01e838 0000c0 00 WA 0 0 8
[23] .note.stapsdt NOTE 00000000 01e838 0002b4 00 0 0 4
[24] .comment PROGBITS 00000000 01eaec 00002c 01 MS 0 0 1
[25] .symtab SYMTAB 00000000 01eb18 001ec0 10 26 465 4
[26] .strtab STRTAB 00000000 0209d8 001744 00 0 0 1
[27] .gnu_debuglink PROGBITS 00000000 02211c 000018 00 0 0 4
[28] .gnu.prelink_undo PROGBITS 00000000 022134 000574 01 0 0 4
[29] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 0226a8 00012c 00 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings)
I (info), L (link order), G (group), x (unknown)
O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)
[a@b compile_test]$
[a@b compile_test]$ readelf -r libfoo.so
Relocation section '.rel.dyn' at offset 0x2d8 contains 6 entries:
Offset Info Type Sym.Value Sym. Name
0000150c 00000008 R_386_RELATIVE
000015d0 00000106 R_386_GLOB_DAT 00000000 __gmon_start__
000015d4 00000206 R_386_GLOB_DAT 00000000 _Jv_RegisterClasses
000015d8 00000906 R_386_GLOB_DAT 000015fc foo2
000015dc 00000306 R_386_GLOB_DAT 00000000 __cxa_finalize
000015e0 00000706 R_386_GLOB_DAT 000015f8 foo1
Relocation section '.rel.plt' at offset 0x308 contains 2 entries:
Offset Info Type Sym.Value Sym. Name
000015f0 00000107 R_386_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 __gmon_start__
000015f4 00000307 R_386_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 __cxa_finalize
如果编译可重定位内核，那么内核打开了如下选项
--emit-relocs, 含义如下：将重定位部分和内容保留在完全链接的可执行文件中。后链接分析和优化工具可能需要此信息才能执行可执行文件的正确修改。这导致更大的可执行文件
ld - GNU链接器（Linux手册页）中
https://blog.csdn.net/wogezheerne/article/details/86582791
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