tensorflow之static_rnn和dynamic_rnn

1.dynamic_rnn与static_rnn区别。

		static_rnn	dynamic_rnn
不同	输入数据格式	[seq_length,batch_size,embed_size]	[batch,seq_length,embed_size]
	输出数据格式	[seq_length,batch_size,embed_size]	[batch,seq_length,embed_size]
	最后时刻输出	static_rnn_output[-1]	tf.transpose(dynamic_rnn_output, [1, 0, 2])[-1]
	内部训练方式	静态 rnn的意思就是按照样本时间序列个数（n_steps）展开，在图中创建（n_steps）个序列的cell。 通过静态生成的RNN网络，生成过程所需的时间会更长，网络所占有的内存会更多。模型中会带有第个序列中间态的信息，利于调试。	动态rnn的意思是只创建样本中的一个序列RNN，其他序列数据会通过循环进入该RNN运算。 通过动态生成的RNN网络，所占用内存较少。模型中只会有最后的状态。
相同	batch_szie	一个batch_size中的数据长度一致	一个batch_size中的数据长度一致

2.例子：

static_rnn

import tensorflow as tf
# 导入 MINST 数据集
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("c:/user/administrator/data/", one_hot=True)
n_input = 28 # MNIST data 输入 (img shape: 28*28)
n_steps = 28 # timesteps
n_hidden = 128 # hidden layer num of features
n_classes = 10  # MNIST 列别 (0-9 ，一共10类)
batch_size = 128
tf.reset_default_graph()

# tf Graph input
x = tf.placeholder("float", [None, n_steps, n_input])
y = tf.placeholder("float", [None, n_classes])
lstm_cell = tf.contrib.rnn.LSTMCell(n_hidden, forget_bias=1.0)
x1 = tf.unstack(x, n_steps, 1)
lstm_cell = tf.contrib.rnn.LSTMCell(n_hidden, forget_bias=1.0)
outputs, states = tf.contrib.rnn.static_rnn(lstm_cell, x1, dtype=tf.float32)
#取最后一条输出信息，(outputs[-1]）
pred = tf.contrib.layers.fully_connected(outputs[-1],n_classes,activation_fn = None)

learning_rate = 0.001
training_iters = 100000

display_step = 10

# Define loss and optimizer
cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits_v2(logits=pred, labels=y))
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate).minimize(cost)

# Evaluate model
correct_pred = tf.equal(tf.argmax(pred,1), tf.argmax(y,1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_pred, tf.float32))

# 启动session
with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
    step = 1
    # Keep training until reach max iterations
    while step * batch_size < training_iters:
        batch_x, batch_y = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
        # Reshape data to get 28 seq of 28 elements
        batch_x = batch_x.reshape((batch_size, n_steps, n_input))
        # Run optimization op (backprop)
        sess.run(optimizer, feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y})
        if step % display_step == 0:
            # 计算批次数据的准确率
            acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y})
            # Calculate batch loss
            loss = sess.run(cost, feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y})
            print ("Iter " + str(step*batch_size) + ", Minibatch Loss= " + \
                  "{:.6f}".format(loss) + ", Training Accuracy= " + \
                  "{:.5f}".format(acc))
        step += 1
    print (" Finished!")

    # 计算准确率 for 128 mnist test images
    test_len = 128
    test_data = mnist.test.images[:test_len].reshape((-1, n_steps, n_input))
    test_label = mnist.test.labels[:test_len]
    print ("Testing Accuracy:", \
        sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: test_data, y: test_label}))

dynamic_rnn

import tensorflow as tf
# 导入 MINST 数据集
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("c:/user/administrator/data/", one_hot=True)
n_input = 28 # MNIST data 输入 (img shape: 28*28)
n_steps = 28 # timesteps
n_hidden = 128 # hidden layer num of features
n_classes = 10  # MNIST 列别 (0-9 ，一共10类)
batch_size = 128
tf.reset_default_graph()

# tf Graph input
x = tf.placeholder("float", [None, n_steps, n_input])
y = tf.placeholder("float", [None, n_classes])
lstm_cell = tf.contrib.rnn.LSTMCell(n_hidden, forget_bias=1.0)
outputs,_  = tf.nn.dynamic_rnn(lstm_cell,x,dtype=tf.float32)
outputs = tf.transpose(outputs, [1, 0, 2])
#取最后一条输出信息，(outputs[-1]）
pred = tf.contrib.layers.fully_connected(outputs[-1],n_classes,activation_fn = None)

learning_rate = 0.001
training_iters = 100000

display_step = 10

# Define loss and optimizer
cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits_v2(logits=pred, labels=y))
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate).minimize(cost)

# Evaluate model
correct_pred = tf.equal(tf.argmax(pred,1), tf.argmax(y,1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_pred, tf.float32))

# 启动session
with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
    step = 1
    # Keep training until reach max iterations
    while step * batch_size < training_iters:
        batch_x, batch_y = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
        # Reshape data to get 28 seq of 28 elements
        batch_x = batch_x.reshape((batch_size, n_steps, n_input))
        # Run optimization op (backprop)
        sess.run(optimizer, feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y})
        if step % display_step == 0:
            # 计算批次数据的准确率
            acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y})
            # Calculate batch loss
            loss = sess.run(cost, feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y})
            print ("Iter " + str(step*batch_size) + ", Minibatch Loss= " + \
                  "{:.6f}".format(loss) + ", Training Accuracy= " + \
                  "{:.5f}".format(acc))
        step += 1
    print (" Finished!")

    # 计算准确率 for 128 mnist test images
    test_len = 128
    test_data = mnist.test.images[:test_len].reshape((-1, n_steps, n_input))
    test_label = mnist.test.labels[:test_len]
    print ("Testing Accuracy:", \
        sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: test_data, y: test_label}))

参考：
https://www.jianshu.com/p/1b1ea45fab47

https://blog.csdn.net/qq1483661204/article/details/78997644