【无标题】

一 、安装

# 安装 apt-add-repository

sudo apt install software-properties-common

# 安装 xfce 4.14

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/staging
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xfce4

#运行 xfce 4.14

startxfce4

# 卸载

sudo apt install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:xubuntu-dev/staging

二、问题解决

2.1普通用户无法登陆，查看日志

sudo vim ~/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log

日志如下：

X.Org X Server 1.20.8
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
[   264.549] Build Operating System: Linux 4.15.0-115-generic x86_64 Ubuntu
[   264.550] Current Operating System: Linux ubuntu 5.4.0-54-generic #60~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Nov 6 17:25:16 UTC 2020 x86_64
[   264.550] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-54-generic root=UUID=d8e25390-aa4b-4f69-9876-ac3fabdcd6cc ro find_preseed=/preseed.cfg auto noprompt priority=critical locale=en_US quiet
[   264.552] Build Date: 04 September 2020  01:36:23PM
[   264.553] xorg-server-hwe-18.04 2:1.20.8-2ubuntu2.2~18.04.3 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support) 
[   264.553] Current version of pixman: 0.34.0
[   264.554] 	Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
	to make sure that you have the latest version.
[   264.554] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
	(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
	(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[   264.556] (==) Log file: "/home/user6/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log", Time: Thu Nov 26 16:13:02 2020
[   264.557] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[   264.557] (==) No Layout section.  Using the first Screen section.
[   264.557] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.
[   264.557] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0)
[   264.557] (**) |   |-->Monitor "<default monitor>"
[   264.557] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
	Using a default monitor configuration.
[   264.557] (==) Automatically adding devices
[   264.557] (==) Automatically enabling devices
[   264.557] (==) Automatically adding GPU devices
[   264.557] (==) Automatically binding GPU devices
[   264.557] (==) Max clients allowed: 256, resource mask: 0x1fffff
[   264.557] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist.
[   264.557] 	Entry deleted from font path.
[   264.557] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/" does not exist.
[   264.557] 	Entry deleted from font path.
[   264.557] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/" does not exist.
[   264.557] 	Entry deleted from font path.
[   264.557] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi" does not exist.
[   264.557] 	Entry deleted from font path.
[   264.557] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi" does not exist.
[   264.557] 	Entry deleted from font path.
[   264.557] (==) FontPath set to:
	/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,
	/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,
	built-ins
[   264.557] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[   264.557] (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices.
	If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices.
[   264.557] (II) Loader magic: 0x5577841bb020
[   264.557] (II) Module ABI versions:
[   264.557] 	X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
[   264.557] 	X.Org Video Driver: 24.1
[   264.557] 	X.Org XInput driver : 24.1
[   264.557] 	X.Org Server Extension : 10.0
[   264.564] (II) systemd-logind: took control of session /org/freedesktop/login1/session/_37
[   264.565] (II) xfree86: Adding drm device (/dev/dri/card0)
[   264.567] (II) systemd-logind: got fd for /dev/dri/card0 226:0 fd 11 paused 0
[   264.575] (--) PCI:*(0@0:15:0) 15ad:0405:15ad:0405 rev 0, Mem @ 0xe8000000/134217728, 0xfe000000/8388608, I/O @ 0x00001070/16, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072
[   264.575] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[   264.575] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
[   264.576] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[   264.576] 	compiled for 1.20.8, module version = 1.0.0
[   264.576] 	ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 10.0
[   264.576] (==) Matched vmware as autoconfigured driver 0
[   264.576] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 1
[   264.576] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 2
[   264.576] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 3
[   264.576] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[   264.576] (II) LoadModule: "vmware"
[   264.577] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vmware_drv.so
[   264.606] (II) Module vmware: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[   264.606] 	compiled for 1.20.1, module version = 13.3.0
[   264.606] 	Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[   264.606] 	ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 24.0
[   264.606] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"
[   264.606] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so
[   264.606] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[   264.606] 	compiled for 1.20.8, module version = 1.20.8
[   264.606] 	Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[   264.606] 	ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 24.1
[   264.606] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[   264.606] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so
[   264.606] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[   264.606] 	compiled for 1.20.1, module version = 0.5.0
[   264.606] 	Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[   264.606] 	ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 24.0
[   264.606] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[   264.607] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so
[   264.607] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[   264.607] 	compiled for 1.20.1, module version = 2.4.0
[   264.607] 	Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[   264.607] 	ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 24.0
[   264.607] (II) vmware: driver for VMware SVGA: vmware0405, vmware0710
[   264.607] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms
[   264.607] (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev
[   264.607] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa
[   264.607] (EE) 
Fatal server error:
[   264.607] (EE) parse_vt_settings: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (Permission denied)
[   264.607] (EE) 
[   264.607] (EE) 
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support 
	 at http://wiki.x.org
 for help. 
[   264.607] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/home/user6/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
[   264.607] (EE) 
[   264.607] (WW) xf86CloseConsole: KDSETMODE failed: Bad file descriptor
[   264.607] (WW) xf86CloseConsole: VT_GETMODE failed: Bad file descriptor
[   264.611] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.

发现有一句错误

 parse_vt_settings: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (Permission denied)

tty0无权限，查看tty0设备权限和所属用户组

ls -l /dev/tty0

crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 0 11月 26 17:26 /dev/tty0

c表示字符设备文件，后面三个权限表示分别表示创建者拥有权限，创建者组拥有权限，其他用户拥有权限，root表示创建者和创建者所属组。

查看用户user6的所属用户组

groups user6

user6 : user6 adm dialout cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare

把user6添加到tty用户组

sudo usermod -a -G tty user6

再startxfce4启动，不再报tty0无权限。

2.2 tty0错误解决后，报下面错误：

Cannot open virtual console2(Permission denied)

需要下面操作

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-legacy

进入/etc/X11/Xwrapper.config

sudo vim /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config

添加下面内容

allowed_users=anybody
needs_root_rights=yes

添加后，可顺利进入xfce界面

2.3 在xfce界面中，右键打开终端无反应

按照网上的说法，在Application-settings-Preferred Application-Utilitles中选择xfce Terminal即可，刚打开的时候，我的下拉菜单里是没有这个选项的

推出图形界面，使用终端模式，输入下列指令，安装xfce4-terminal

sudo apt install xfce4-terminal

安装完成后，再进入图形界面，设置那里就有Xfce Terminal选项了，勾选后，终端就可以用了。

三、美化

• GTK主题：控制窗口内容外观
• 窗口标题栏主题：也叫做xfwm4主题
• 图标主题
• 字体
• 背景图片
• sudo tar xvf Vibrancy-Colors-2-5a-GTK-Icon-Theme.tar.gz --directory /usr/share/icons/

参考：

https://www.linuxdashen.com/xfce%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%BE%8E%E5%8C%96%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B

四、启动管理

因为安装xfce4之前卸载了登陆管理器，因此一开机，程序进入的是终端模式，必须再终端模式中输入startxrce4命令才能启动xfce4，使用下面指令安装登陆管理器lightdm

sudo apt-get install lightdm

安装lightdm后重启，进入用户登录界面，输入正确密码无法进入界面。

放弃lightdm登录管理器，安装gdm3登录管理器

sudo apt-get install gdm3

安装完成后将登录管理器切换为gdm3

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3

使用gdm3可成功登录xfce4.

遗留问题：

后来将图形管理器切回lightdm后，依然可以成功进入xfce4,，甚至使用

sudo apt-get purge gdm3

完全清除gdm3后，依然可以正常进入桌面，神奇。