Ubuntu16.04系统安装&换源说明

虚拟机的系统安装

正常下一步添加内容即可
或者参考我的博客文章
VMware安装&密匙&新建虚拟机说明&共享文件夹

操作系统的系统安装

1.进入bios
2.修改boot priority 设置为u盘启动
3.插u盘启动电脑 选择try ubuntu安装（这样能关掉网络，避免安装中联网下载更新包，浪费时间）
4.启动桌面安装文件，选择自己所需语言，按需求分区（双系统最好留一点swap空间）然后点击继续。安装即可。
注：虚拟机与直装系统类似，双系统请参考我之前的博客文章：
系统安装ubuntu16.04+cuda8.0+Ros+QT5.12+opencv4.01&contrib+eigen3

0.禁用系统升级（此步骤在18。04中可能会导致配置输入法或者配置qt等工具发生难以挽回的bug，基本等于需要重装系统）
！！！！慎用此步骤！！！！！
为避免被系统自动升级导致系统环境崩溃，建议直接使用ubuntu20.04
本人在使用ubuntu18.04的过程中，遇到升级ubuntu20.04（非本人意愿）导致了环境崩溃。需要重装系统。

sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic

APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "0";
APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages "0";
APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval "0";

1.备份源

 sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

2.打开源

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

3.全选替换为下方源

 sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backupaliyun

（3.1.可以给替换源也做备份，此时可以随时替换）
4.更新升级

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

xenial为16.0的代号 ， Bionic为18.04的代号，不同版本代号不同，所以源也是不同的，请谨慎替换！！！
如果替换为不匹配版本的源，可能造成apt install无法正常使用等问题

阿里云 16.04

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华园18.04

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

qinghua 18.04

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

aliyun 18.04

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu 20.04

#添加阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#添加清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse multiverse

5.建议先安装qt
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42193813/article/details/106033349
6.然后安装vscode

7.编译独立的三方库
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44796670/article/details/121234446
10.输入法
install pack download
https://pinyin.sogou.com/linux/
install instruction
https://pinyin.sogou.com/linux/help.php