>>> m = [1,2,5,-3,9,-5]
>>> [n for n in m if n>0]
[1, 2, 5, 9]
>>> [n for n in m if n<0]
[-3, -5]
>>>
缺点就是,如果输入很大的话,会产生很大的结果
可以使用生成器表达式,通过迭代的方法得到结果,如:
>>> p = (n for n in m if n<0)
>>> p
<generator object <genexpr> at 0x10ea6bf50>
>>> for i in p:
... print(i)
...
-3
-5
>>>
但如果筛选过程中出现异常,就没办法直接将结果放到迭代器中了
为此可以将处理筛选逻辑的代码放到单独的函数中,然后使用内建的filter()函数处理,过程如下
>>> v = ['1','2','-3','N/A','5']
>>> def is_int(val):
... try:
... x = int(val)
... return True
... except:
... return False
...
>>> iv = list(filter(is_int,v))
>>> iv
['1', '2', '-3', '5']
>>>
也可用compress()筛选工具,根据布尔值,直接返回对应元素
>>> a = ["beijing","shanghai","guangzhou","shenzhen","nanjing"]
>>> m =[1,2,-1,-2,5]
>>> from itertools import compress
>>> b = [i>0 for i in m]
>>> b
[True, True, False, False, True]
>>> list(compress(a,b))
['beijing', 'shanghai', 'nanjing']