java笔记--day09--多态（二）

• 引言
  从上一个笔记中，可以看出，多态的向上转型（Fu f = new Zi();）是不能访问子类中特有功能的。那么其解决办法是什么呢？

  • 向下转型（downcasting）

• 以下代码为未转型的代码：

class Fu{
    int num1;
    public Fu(){
        num1 = 10;
    }

    public void show1(){
        System.out.println("num1 is " + num1);
    }
    public static void show3(){
        System.out.println("static function in Fu class");
    }

}

class Zi extends Fu{
    int num1 = 11;
    int num2 = 20;
    public Zi(){}
    public void show1(){
        System.out.println("num1 is " + num1);
    }
    public void show2(){
        System.out.println("num2 is " + num2);
    }
    public static void show3(){
        System.out.println("static function in Zi class");
    }
}

class PolymorphicDemo2{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Fu f = new Zi();
        System.out.println("num1 is " + f.num1); //member variable
        //System.out.println("num2 is " + f.num2); //This line must be commented out,or there is a fail during compilation.
                                                 //(error:can not find the symbol)

        f.show1();
        //f.show2();//This line must be commented out,or there is a fail during compilation.
                    //(error:can not find the symbol)   
        f.show3();//static member method
    }
}

/*
running result:
num1 is 10
num1 is 11
static function in Fu class
*/

• 然后是使用了向下转型之后，能访问子类特有功能的Demo：

class Fu{
    int num1;
    public Fu(){
        num1 = 10;
    }

    public void show1(){
        System.out.println("Fu num1 is " + num1);
    }
    public static void show3(){
        System.out.println("static function in Fu class");
    }

}

class Zi extends Fu{
    int num1 = 11;
    int num2 = 20;
    public Zi(){}
    public void show1(){
        System.out.println("Zi num1 is " + num1);
    }
    public void show2(){
        System.out.println("Zi num2 is " + num2);
    }
    public static void show3(){
        System.out.println("static function in Zi class");
    }
}

class PolymorphicDemo2{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Fu f = new Zi();
        System.out.println("num1 is " + f.num1); //member variable
        //System.out.println("num2 is " + f.num2); //This line must be commented out,or there is a fail during compilation.(error:can not find the symbol)

        f.show1();
        //f.show2();//This line must be commented out,or there is a fail during compilation.(error:can not find the symbol) 
        f.show3();//static member method

        System.out.println();
        Zi z = (Zi)f;
        z.show2();
    }
}

/*
running result:
num1 is 10
Zi num1 is 11
static function in Fu class

Zi num2 is 20
*/

• 总结
  从running result的最后一句话（Zi num2 is 20）中可以看出：
  使用了向下转型（Zi z = (Zi)f;），就可以摆脱多态的弊端，从而可以访问子类所特有的功能