JavaScript中几种创建对象的方法

1. 对象字面量

var person = {
    name: "Alex",
    age: 24,
    job: "student",

    sayName: function () { 
        console.log(this.name);
     }
}

缺点：创建多个对象时，会产生大量的重复代码。

2. Object

var person = new Object();
person.name = "Alex";
person.age = 24;
person.job = "student";

person.sayName = function () { 
    console.log(this.name);
 }

缺点：创建多个对象时，会产生大量的重复代码。

3. 工厂模式

function createPerson (name, age, job) { 
    var o = new Object();
    o.name = name;
    o.age = age;
    o.job = job;

    o.sayName = function () { 
        console.log(this.name)
     }
    return o;
}

var person = createPerson("Alex", 24, "student");

缺点：无法识别对象的类型。

4. 构造函数模式

function Person(name, age, job) { 
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.job = job;

    this.sayName = function() { 
        console.log(this.name);
     }
 }

 var person = new Person("Alex", 23, "student");

缺点：每个方法都要在每个实例上创建一遍。

5. 原型模式

 function Person() { 
     Person.prototype.name = "Alex";
     Person.prototype.age = 24;
     Person.prototype.job = "student";
     Person.prototype.sayName = function() { 
         console.log(this.name);
      }
  }

  var person = new Person();

缺点：每个实例都共享同一组属性和方法。

6. 组合使用构造函数模式和原型模式

function Person(name, age, job) { 
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.job = job;
}

Person.prototype = {
    constructor: Person,
    sayName: function () { 
        console.log(this.name);
    }
}

var person = new Person("Alex", 24, "student");

7. 动态原型模式

function Person(name, age, job) { 
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.job = job

    Person.prototype.sayName = function () { 
        console.log(this.name);
     }
 }

var person = new Person("Alex", 24, "student");

8. 寄生构造函数模式

function Person (name, age, job) { 
    var o = new Object();
    o.name = name;
    o,age = age;
    o.job = job;
    o.sayName = function () { 
        console.log(this.name);
    }
    return o;
 }
 var person = new Person("Alex", 24, "student");

9. 稳妥构造函数模式

function Person (name, age, job) { 
    var o = new Object();
    o.sayName = function () {
        console.log(name);
    }
    return o;
 }

 var person = Person("Alex", 24, "student");