Linux环境下运行matlab以及执行m文件

在Linux下安装完matlab后，会在/usr/local/bin/下生成matlab文件，可以使用matlab命令。

在命令行下执行：

$ matlab -help

可以得到帮助文件：

Usage:  matlab [-h|-help] | [-n | -e]
                         [-arch | v=variant | v=arch/variant]
                         [-c licensefile] [-display Xdisplay | -nodisplay]
                         [-nosplash] [-mwvisual visualid] [-debug] [-softwareopengl]
                         [-desktop | -nodesktop | -nojvm]
                         [-r MATLAB_command] [-logfile log]
                         [-Ddebugger [options]]

    -h|-help                          - Display arguments.
    -n                                   - Display final environment variables,
                                            arguments, and other diagnostic
                                            information. MATLAB is not run.
    -e                                   - Display ALL the environment variables and
                                            their values to standard output. MATLAB
                                            is not run. If the exit status is not
                                            0 on return then the variables and values
                                            may not be correct.
    -arch                              - Start MATLAB assuming architecture arch.
    v=variant                       - Start the version of MATLAB found
                                            in bin/glnxa64/variant instead of bin/glnxa64.
    v=arch/variant               - Start the version of MATLAB found
                                            in bin/arch/variant instead of bin/glnxa64.
    -c licensefile                  - Set location of the license file that MATLAB
                                            should use.  It can have the form port@host or
                                            be a colon separated list of license files.
                                            The LM_LICENSE_FILE and MLM_LICENSE_FILE
                                            environment variables will be ignored.
    -display Xdisplay           - Send X commands to X server display, Xdisplay.
    -nodisplay                     - Do not display any X commands. The MATLAB
                                            desktop will not be started. However, unless
                                            -nojvm is also provided the Java virtual machine
                                            will be started.
    -nosplash                      - Do not display the splash screen during startup.
    -mwvisual visualid       - The default X visual to use for figure windows.
    -debug                           - Provide debugging information especially for X
                                            based problems.
    -desktop                        - Allow the MATLAB desktop to be started by a
                                           process without a controlling terminal. This is
                                           usually a required command line argument when
                                           attempting to start MATLAB from a window manager
                                           menu or desktop icon.
    -nodesktop                    - Do not start the MATLAB desktop. Use the current
                                           terminal for commands. The Java virtual machine
                                           will be started.
    -singleCompThread      - Limit MATLAB to a single computational thread.
                                           By default, MATLAB makes use of the multithreading
                                           capabilities of the computer on which it is running.
    -nojvm                           - Shut off all Java support by not starting the
                                           Java virtual machine. In particular the MATLAB
                                           desktop will not be started.
    -jdb [port]                       - Enable remote Java debugging on port (default 4444)
    -r MATLAB_command   - Start MATLAB and execute the MATLAB_command.
    -logfile log                   - Make a copy of any output to the command window
                                           in file log. This includes all crash reports.
    -Ddebugger [options]    - Start debugger to debug MATLAB.
    -nouserjavapath            - Ignore custom javaclasspath.txt and javalibrarypath.txt files.

可以看到与图形界面相关的几个参数是：nodisplay, nosplash, nodesktop, nojvm. 它们分别代表什么含义呢？

1. nodisplay      不显示任何X命令(X server是Linux下的图形引擎，参考：X Window System)。Matlab桌面环境不会启动，但是会启动Java virtual machine除非使用了nojvm参数；
2. nosplash　　 程序启动时不显示启动画面(版权页)；
3. nodesktop　 不启动桌面环境，在当前终端中执行命令，但是会启动JVM；
4. nojvm　　    关闭java支持，不启动JVM，特别的，desktop也不会启动。

因为Matlab的图形环境依赖JVM，如果不启动JVM，无法执行任何和图形界面相关的命令。若不执行任何X commands，则无法执行imshow()这些函数。所以，我们如果需要在命令行下执行matlab程序，最好只添加：nodesktop nosplash两个参数。

（一）进入m文件所在目录后，运行

$ matlab -nodesktop -nosplash -r matlabfile

只用文件名matlabfile，不能添加.m

若有实现函数参数传入调用，则是如下：

$ matlab -nodesktop -nosplash -r matlabfile(parameters)

（二）也可以在文件.bashrc中添加：

$ vim ~/.bashrc

alias mrun="matlab -nodesktop -nosplash -logfile `date +%Y_%m_%d-%H_%M_%S`.log -r"

其中，logfile `date +%Y_%m_%d-%H_%M_%S`.log 将log文件输出在以程序执行时间为文件名的log文件下。r参数表示运行matlab命令。之后执行m文件只需运行：

$ mrun matlabfile

若有实现函数参数传入调用，则是如下：

$ mrun matlabfile(parameters)