线程的生命周期

线程的生命周期包含5个阶段，包括：新建、就绪、运行、阻塞、销毁。

• 新建：就是刚使用new方法，new出来的线程；
• 就绪：就是调用的线程的start()方法后，这时候线程处于等待CPU分配资源阶段，谁先抢的CPU资源，谁开始执行;
• 运行：当就绪的线程被调度并获得CPU资源时，便进入运行状态，run方法定义了线程的操作和功能;
• 阻塞：在运行状态的时候，可能因为某些原因导致运行状态的线程变成了阻塞状态，比如sleep()、wait()之后线程就处于了阻塞状态，这个时候需要其他机制将处于阻塞状态的线程唤醒，比如调用notify或者notifyAll()方法。唤醒的线程不会立刻执行run方法，它们要再次等待CPU分配资源进入运行状态;
• 销毁：如果线程正常执行完毕后或线程被提前强制性的终止或出现异常导致结束，那么线程就要被销毁，释放资源;

Thread类中有enum Status

public enum State {
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
        NEW,

        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
        RUNNABLE,

        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
        BLOCKED,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
         * following methods:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
         * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
         * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
        WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
         * </ul>
         */
        TIMED_WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
        TERMINATED;
    }