设计模式-装饰者模式

参考：head-first-设计模式

定义

装饰者模式动态地将责任附加到对象上。若要扩展功能，装饰者提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案

这个模式主要就是，装饰类和被装饰类需要继承同一个超类，实现超类里面的抽象方法

问题描述

一个咖啡店，需要统计订单上的咖啡，以及加的配料，算总价，配料数量、种类经常变化

项目结构

如下，最下面的Beverage就是饮料的超类

类图

先编写饮料的超类

//饮料的超类
public abstract class Beverage {
    //定义描述字段
    public String description = "Unknown Description";
    //获取价格
    public abstract double cost();

    //获取描述
    public  String getDescription(){
        return description;
    }

    //控制台打印描述和价格
    public void printDescriptionAndCost(){
        System.out.println(this.getDescription() + " $" + this.cost());
    }
}

编写咖啡实现类，继承超类

//浓缩咖啡
public class Espresso extends Beverage {
    //构造器中赋值描述
    public Espresso() {
        description = "Espresso Coffee";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 1.99;
    }
}

//综合咖啡
public class HouseBlend extends Beverage {
    //构造器中赋值描述
    public HouseBlend() {
        description = "House Blend Coffee";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.89;
    }
}

编写配料装饰抽象类继承超类

//调料的抽象类
public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage {
    public abstract String getDescription();
}

编写配料实现类，继承配料装饰抽象类

//牛奶
public class Milk extends CondimentDecorator {
    //声明超类
    Beverage beverage;

    //构造器中赋值超类
    public Milk(Beverage beverage) {
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.1 + beverage.cost();
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return beverage.getDescription() + ",Milk";
    }
}

//摩卡
public class Moka extends CondimentDecorator {
    //声明超类
    Beverage beverage;

    //构造器中赋值超类
    public Moka(Beverage beverage) {
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.2 + beverage.cost();
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return beverage.getDescription() + ",Moka";
    }
}

//豆浆
public class Soy extends CondimentDecorator {
    //声明超类
    Beverage beverage;

    //构造器中赋值超类
    public Soy(Beverage beverage) {
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.15 + beverage.cost();
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return beverage.getDescription() + ",Soy";
    }
}

//奶泡
public class Whip extends CondimentDecorator {
    //声明超类
    Beverage beverage;

    //构造器中赋值超类
    public Whip(Beverage beverage) {
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.1 + beverage.cost();
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return beverage.getDescription() + ",Whip";
    }
}

测试类，测试

@Test
public void testDecorator() {
    //一杯加牛奶、豆浆、奶泡的浓缩咖啡
    Beverage beverage = new Espresso();
    //加牛奶
    beverage = new Milk(beverage);
    //加豆浆
    beverage = new Soy(beverage);
    //加奶泡
    beverage = new Whip(beverage);
    //输出
    beverage.printDescriptionAndCost();
    //一杯啥都不加的综合咖啡
    Beverage beverage1 = new HouseBlend();
    beverage1.printDescriptionAndCost();
}

控制台打印

如果现在需要在菜单上新增加一个杯子容量的描述，小杯，中杯和大杯，中杯要贵1美元，大杯要贵两美元，下面我们改一下代码
先修改超类

//饮料的超类
public abstract class Beverage {
	// 定义描述字段
	public String description = "Unknown Description";

	//容量，默认小杯
	public String size = GRANDE;
	
	//容量定义
	public static String TALL = "大";
	public static String GRANDE = "中";
	public static String VENTI = "小";

	// 获取价格
	public abstract double cost();

	//获取容量
	public String getSize() {
		return size;
	}

	// 获取描述
	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}

	// 控制台打印描述和价格
	public void printDescriptionAndCost() {
		System.out.println(this.getDescription() + " $" + this.cost());
	}
}

然后修改咖啡类型的类

//浓缩咖啡
public class Espresso extends Beverage {
	//构造器中赋值描述
    public Espresso() {
        description = "Espresso Coffee, " + VENTI;
    }
	
    //构造器中赋值描述
    public Espresso(String size) {
        this.size = size;
        description = "Espresso Coffee, " + size;
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
    	Double cost = 1.99;
    	if (getSize() == TALL) {
    		cost += 2.00;
		} else if (getSize() == GRANDE){
			cost += 1.00;
		}
        return cost;
    }   
}

//综合咖啡
public class HouseBlend extends Beverage {
	//构造器中赋值描述
    public HouseBlend() {
        description = "House Blend Coffee, " + VENTI;
    }
	
    //构造器中赋值描述
    public HouseBlend(String size) {
        this.size = size;
        description = "House Blend Coffee, " + size;
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
    	Double cost = 0.89;
    	if (getSize() == TALL) {
    		cost += 2.00;
		} else if (getSize() == GRANDE){
			cost += 1.00;
		}
        return cost;
    }  
}

测试一下

@Test
    public void testDecorator() {
        //一杯加牛奶、豆浆、奶泡的浓缩咖啡
        Beverage beverage = new Espresso(Beverage.TALL);
        //加牛奶
        beverage = new Milk(beverage);
        //加豆浆
        beverage = new Soy(beverage);
        //加奶泡
        beverage = new Whip(beverage);
        //输出
        beverage.printDescriptionAndCost();
        //一杯啥都不加的综合咖啡
        Beverage beverage1 = new HouseBlend(Beverage.GRANDE);
        beverage1.printDescriptionAndCost();
    }

打印

这只是一个demo，所以就使用double类型了，涉及到金钱的计算最好还是使用BigDecimal来操作