NetBeans学习Java

一、NetBeans运行HelloWord

编写好主类之后，需要右键点击左上角项目名称。Properties -> Run 配置运行参数。最主要的需要配置主类名称，并且主类的名称需要填写完成。如图主类名称需要写为: com.mycompany.mavenproject1.newClass

二、Maven

1. 什么是Maven

Maven是一个项目管理工具：Maven菜鸟教程
什么是本地仓库、远程仓库，以及什么是私服：Maven简介和Maven私服

2. pom.xml详解

pom.xml是一个Maven项目中必须包含的文件：pom.xml文件详解

三、Spring

1. 目录结构

目录结构需要满足一下形式：

以下为我的实际目录结构：

2.applicationContext.xml 配置bean

applicationContext.xml 配置文件内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
and open the template in the editor.
-->

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">
	
	<!-- 配置一个 bean -->
	<bean id="helloWorld" class="com.mycompany.mavenproject1.HelloWorld">
		<!-- 为属性赋值 -->
		<property name="user" value="Jerry"></property>
	</bean>`在这里插入代码片`
</beans>

3.pom.xml 配置maven

pom.xml配置文件内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.mycompany</groupId>
    <artifactId>mavenproject1</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--切片包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Beans包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Beans包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

4.测试代码

HelloWorld.java:

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

package com.mycompany.mavenproject1;

/**
 *
 * @author chao
 */
public class HelloWorld {
	private String user;
	
	public HelloWorld() {
		System.out.println("HelloWorld's constructor...");
	}
	
	public void setUser(String user) {
		System.out.println("setUser:" + user);
		this.user = user;
	}
	
	public HelloWorld(String user) {
		this.user = user;
	}

	public void hello(){
		System.out.println("Hello: " + user);
	}
}

newClass.java中包含main函数：

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

package com.mycompany.mavenproject1;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
 *
 * @author chao
 */
public class newClass {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        System.out.println("Hello NetBeans!");
        System.out.println("Hello world!");
        //1. 创建 Spring 的 IOC 容器
	ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
	//2. 从 IOC 容器中获取 bean 的实例
	HelloWorld helloWorld = (HelloWorld) ctx.getBean("helloWorld");
        //根据类型来获取 bean 的实例: 要求在  IOC 容器中只有一个与之类型匹配的 bean, 若有多个则会抛出异常. 
	//一般情况下, 该方法可用, 因为一般情况下, 在一个 IOC 容器中一个类型对应的 bean 也只有一个. 
        //HelloWorld helloWorld1 = ctx.getBean(HelloWorld.class);
	//3. 使用 bean
	helloWorld.hello();
    }
}

点击Run运行，结果如下：

5.jar缺少主方法无法运行问题

点击Build后打jar包发现报错找不到主函数，解决方法为使用maven插件maven-shade-plugin执行Main-Class。pom.xml添加以下内容：

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>  
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>  
                <version>2.3</version>  
                <executions>  
                    <execution>  
                        <phase>package</phase>  
                        <goals>  
                            <goal>shade</goal>  
                        </goals>  
                        <configuration>  
                            <transformers>  
                                <transformer  
                                    implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">  
                                    <!--指定main方法-->
                                    <mainClass>com.mycompany.mavenproject1.newClass</mainClass>  
                                </transformer>  
                            </transformers>  
                        </configuration>  
                    </execution>  
                </executions>  
            </plugin>  
        </plugins>
    </build>

再次Build后，jar包可以正常执行：