[COPYRIGHT] 常见版权许可协议

1. 版权许可协议是什么?

版权许可协议,是为了鼓励开源共享,同时尊重原作者的著作权及相关要求而制定的协议,凡是使用了开源共享的作品、代码等,都应该遵循它们所使用的许可协议。

2. 常见许可协议总结

2.1 创作共用许可协议

创作共用许可协议是网络上数字作品的许可授权机制,一方面可以保护原作者的著作权,另一方面可以保障公众信息权,同时促使作品更广泛有效地被利用与再创造。

2.2 软件开源许可协议

Open Source Initiative组织通过批准的开源协议目前有58种,常见的开源许可协议有BSD, GPL, LGPL, MIT等,也都是被OSI批准的协议。

3. 创作共用许可协议

3.1 简介

创作共用许可协议(Creative Commons license),也称CC许可协议,是一种公共版权许可协议,其允许发布受版权保护的作品。

3.2 主要标志

图标权利备注
CCCC许可协议创作共用许可协议(Creative Commons license)
Cc-by署名(Attribution, BY)您可以复制、发行、展览、表演、放映、广播或通过信息网络传播本作品;您必须按照作者或者许可人指定的方式对作品进行署名。
Cc-nc非商业性使用(Noncommercial, NC)您可以自由复制、散布、展示及演出本作品;您不得为商业目的而使用本作品。
Cc-nd禁止演绎(No Derivative Works, ND)您可以自由复制、散布、展示及演出本作品;您不得改变、转变或更改本作品。
Cc-sa相同方式共享(ShareAlike, SA)您可以自由复制、散布、展示及演出本作品;若您改变、转变或更改本作品,仅在遵守与本作品相同的许可条款下,您才能散布由本作品产生的派生作品。

3.3 组合

许可协议简称自由版权
创作共用-署名CC-BY
创作共用-署名-非商业性CC-BY-NC
创作共用-署名-禁止演绎CC-BY-ND
创作共用-署名-相同方式共享CC-BY-SA
创作共用-署名-非商业性-禁止演绎CC-BY-NC-ND
创作共用-署名-非商业性-相同方式共享CC-BY-NC-SA

3.4 适用作品

在创作共用许可下的作品在版权法中生效,包括:书籍,戏剧,电影,音乐,文章,图片,博客和网站。

3.5 署名权的一般要求

自2004年以来,目前所有的许可协议要求原作者署名。署名必须包含“最大限度的信息”。 一般来说,这意味着:

  1. 包含任何版权声明(如适用)。如果作品自身带有作者的版权声明,版权声明必须保持不变,或在一种合理的方式下重新分发给媒介。
  2. 引用作者的名字,网名或用户ID等。如果作品发布在互联网上,如果存在作者的个人档案页面,应附上页面的链接。
  3. 引用作品的标题或名称(如适用),前提是存在标题或名称。如果作品发布在互联网上,应在重新分发时连接到原作品的标题或者名称。
  4. 引用作品的CC许可协议。如果作品发布在互联网上,应引用作者的CC许可协议,且应附有到CC网站的链接。
  5. 如果作品是一个派生作品或改编作品,除了以上几点外,还应该说明这是一个派生作品,如“这是[作者]的 [作品]的芬兰语翻译版本”或“剧本在[作者]的[原作品]基础上改编”。

3.6 CSDN所使用的默认版权协议

CSDN使用的是CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议,有以下权利和义务:

  1. 署名的义务。必须按照作者或者许可人指定的方式对作品进行署名。
  2. 共享的权利。在遵守与本作品相同的许可条款下,允许通过任何媒介和任何形式复制、发行本作品。
  3. 改编的权利。在遵守与本作品相同的许可条款下,允许二次加工、转换和基于作品进行创作,不限制用途,甚至是商业应用。

4. BSD许可协议

4.1 BSD许可协议基本内容

BSD许可协议要求尊重原作者的著作权,但允许使用者修改和发布源代码,以及用与商用软件的开发,是对商用集成友好的协议。

4.2 三个要求

使用BSD许可协议的开源软件需要遵守以下三个要求:

  1. 如果再发布的产品中包含源代码,则在源代码中必须带有原来代码中的BSD协议。
  2. 如果再发布的只是二进制类库/软件,则需要在类库/软件的文档和版权声明中包含原来代码中的BSD协议。
  3. 不可以用开源代码的作者/机构名字和原来产品的名字做市场推广。

4.3 协议声明

/**
  ***********************************************************************************************************
  * @attention 
  * Copyright <YEAR> <COPYRIGHT HOLDER>
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
  * that the following conditions are met:
  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
  * following disclaimer.
  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
  * the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or
  * promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
  *
  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
  * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
  * PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
  * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
  * TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
  * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
  * OPOSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  ***********************************************************************************************************
  */

5. MIT许可协议

MIT许可协议基本和BSD许可协议一样,要求尊重原作者的著作权,但允许使用者修改和发布源代码,以及用与商用软件的开发,而且允许使用原作者/机构名字和原来产品的名字做市场推广

5.1 协议声明

/**
  ********************************************************************************************************
  * @attention
  * Copyright <YEAR> <COPYRIGHT HOLDER>
  * 
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software 
  * and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, 
  * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, 
  * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, 
  * subject to the following conditions:
  * 
  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copiesor substantial 
  * portions of the Software.
  * 
  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT 
  * LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 
  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, 
  * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
  * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  ********************************************************************************************************
  */

6. Apache许可协议

Apache2.0许可协议著名的非盈利开源组织Apache采用的协议,和BSD协议类似,鼓励共享和尊重原作者的著作权,在遵守Apache许可协议下,允许修改源代码,并用于商业用途。

6.1 四点要求

  1. 需要给用户一份Apache许可协议。
  2. 如果修改了代码,需要在被修改的文件中加以说明。
  3. 在衍生代码中(在源代码基础修改或使用了源代码,包括二进制文件和链接库)需要带有原来的协议,包括商标、专利声明和其他原来作者规定。
  4. 如果发布的产品中包含一个Notice文件,则在Notice文件中需要带有Apache许可协议。你可以在Notice中增加自己的许可协议,但不可以更改Apache许可协议的内容。

6.2 协议声明

/**
  ***********************************************************************************************************
  * @attention Apache2.0 LICENSE
  * Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
  * 
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in 
  * compliance with the License.You may obtain a copy of the License at
  * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  * 
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is 
  * distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
  ***********************************************************************************************************
  */

7. GPL许可协议

GPL3.0许可协议,也就是GNU General Public License,是一种严格开源的许可协议,它要求凡是使用了遵循GPL协议的开源代码,不论是复制、修改、衍生,还是调用二进制程序和链接库,该软件都必须沿用GPL许可协议,完全开源,不能用于商业用途。

7.1 协议声明

/*
  ***********************************************************************************************************
  * @attention 
  * <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
  * Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
  * 
  * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
  * Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your 
  * option) any later version.
  * 
  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the 
  * implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License 
  * for more details.
  * 
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program.  
  * If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  * 
  ***********************************************************************************************************
  */

8. LGPL许可协议

LGPL3.0许可协议是GPL许可协议为类库使用而设计的开源许可协议,调用遵循LGPL许可协议的二进制程序或链接库的软件可以用于商业用途,但是如果在修改源代码或者在源代码基础上衍生的软件则要沿用LGPL许可协议。

8.1 协议声明

/**
  ***********************************************************************************************************
  * @attention 
  * <one line to give the library's name and an idea of what it does.>
  * Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
  * 
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser 
  * General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or 
  * (at your option) any later version.
  * 
  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the 
  * implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public 
  * License for more details.
  * 
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this library; if not, 
  * write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
  * 
  * <add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.>
  * 
  * <You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a 
  * "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if necessary. >
  ***********************************************************************************************************
  */

9. Mozille许可协议

MPL2.0许可协议,和LGPL许可协议类似,但如果修改了源代码,必须加以说明。

9.1 协议声明

/**
  ***********************************************************************************************************
  * @attention 
  * Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
  *
  * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL
  * was not distributed with this file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
  *
  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
  * LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
  * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
  * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  ***********************************************************************************************************
  */

Reference

[1] 维基百科-创作共用授权条款[EB/OL]. 2015.
[2] 开源协议官网[EB/OL]. 2009.
[3] GNU开源协议官网[EB/OL]. 2020.

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