提示：本文提供一种将音频文件和视频文件封装成MP4文件的解决方案
一、背景描述
FFmpeg支持将 AAC+H264/H265 封装成 MP4，但是不支持G711+H264/H265封装成MP4封装成MP4，所以如果音频类型是G711，则要先转换成AAC再进行封装。
二、解决方案
首先，当音频类型是AAC时，可以直接用FFmpeg来进行封装。FFmpeg的编译可以参考：Windows编译和使用ffmpeg。注意编译FFmpeg的时候，不要裁剪过多东西，不然可能导致调用一些接口的时候不成功（如果发现代码调用FFmpeg接口失败，可以先试一下未裁剪版本的FFmpeg，验证是不是由于过度裁剪导致的异常）。以下是雷霄骅实现的音视频封装代码，可以封装AAC+H264/H265：
/**
* 最简单的基于FFmpeg的视音频复用器
* Simplest FFmpeg Muxer
*
* 雷霄骅 Lei Xiaohua
* leixiaohua1020@126.com
* 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术
* Communication University of China / Digital TV Technology
* http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020
*
* 本程序可以将视频码流和音频码流打包到一种封装格式中。
* 程序中将AAC编码的音频码流和H.264编码的视频码流打包成
* MPEG2TS封装格式的文件。
* 需要注意的是本程序并不改变视音频的编码格式。
*
* This software mux a video bitstream and a audio bitstream
* together into a file.
* In this example, it mux a H.264 bitstream (in MPEG2TS) and
* a AAC bitstream file together into MP4 format file.
*
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
#ifdef _WIN32
// Windows
extern "C" {
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
};
#else
// Linux...
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
};
#endif
#endif
/*
FIX: H.264 in some container format (FLV, MP4, MKV etc.) need
"h264_mp4toannexb" bitstream filter (BSF)
*Add SPS,PPS in front of IDR frame
*Add start code ("0,0,0,1") in front of NALU
H.264 in some container (MPEG2TS) don't need this BSF.
*/
//'1': Use H.264 Bitstream Filter
#define USE_H264BSF 0
/*
FIX:AAC in some container format (FLV, MP4, MKV etc.) need
"aac_adtstoasc" bitstream filter (BSF)
*/
//'1': Use AAC Bitstream Filter
#define USE_AACBSF 0
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
getchar();
AVOutputFormat *ofmt = NULL;
// Input AVFormatContext and Output AVFormatContext
AVFormatContext *ifmt_ctx_v = NULL, *ifmt_ctx_a = NULL, *ofmt_ctx = NULL;
AVPacket pkt;
int ret, i;
int videoindex_v = -1, videoindex_out = -1;
int audioindex_a = -1, audioindex_out = -1;
int frame_index = 0;
int64_t cur_pts_v = 0, cur_pts_a = 0;
// const char *in_filename_v = "cuc_ieschool.ts";//Input file URL
const char *in_filename_v = "cuc_ieschool.h264";
// const char *in_filename_v = "cuc_ieschool.h265";
// const char *in_filename_a = "cuc_ieschool.mp3";
// const char *in_filename_a = "gowest.m4a";
const char *in_filename_a = "gowest.aac";
//const char *in_filename_a = "huoyuanjia.mp3";
const char *out_filename = "cuc_ieschool.mp4"; // Output file URL
//const char *out_filename = "cuc_ieschool.ts";
av_register_all();
// Input
if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&ifmt_ctx_v, in_filename_v, 0, 0)) < 0) {
printf("Could not open input file.");
goto end;
}
if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(ifmt_ctx_v, 0)) < 0) {
printf("Failed to retrieve input stream information");
goto end;
}
if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&ifmt_ctx_a, in_filename_a, 0, 0)) < 0) {
printf("Could not open input file.");
goto end;
}
if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(ifmt_ctx_a, 0)) < 0) {
printf("Failed to retrieve input stream information");
goto end;
}
printf("===========Input Information==========\n");
av_dump_format(ifmt_ctx_v, 0, in_filename_v, 0);
av_dump_format(ifmt_ctx_a, 0, in_filename_a, 0);
printf("======================================\n");
// Output
avformat_alloc_output_context2(&ofmt_ctx, NULL, NULL, out_filename);
if (!ofmt_ctx) {
printf("Could not create output context\n");
ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
goto end;
}
ofmt = ofmt_ctx->oformat;
for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx_v->nb_streams; i++) {
// Create output AVStream according to input AVStream
if (ifmt_ctx_v->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
AVStream *in_stream = ifmt_ctx_v->streams[i];
AVStream *out_stream = avformat_new_stream(ofmt_ctx, in_stream->codec->codec);
videoindex_v = i;
if (!out_stream) {
printf("Failed allocating output stream\n");
ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
goto end;
}
videoindex_out = out_stream->index;
// Copy the settings of AVCodecContext
if (avcodec_copy_context(out_stream->codec, in_stream->codec) < 0) {
printf("Failed to copy context from input to output stream codec context\n");
goto end;
}
out_stream->codec->codec_tag = 0;
if (ofmt_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) out_stream->codec->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
break;
}
}
for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx_a->nb_streams; i++) {
// Create output AVStream according to input AVStream
if (ifmt_ctx_a->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {
AVStream *in_stream = ifmt_ctx_a->streams[i];
AVStream *out_stream = avformat_new_stream(ofmt_ctx, in_stream->codec->codec);
audioindex_a = i;
if (!out_stream) {
printf("Failed allocating output stream\n");
ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
goto end;
}
audioindex_out = out_stream->index;
// Copy the settings of AVCodecContext
if (avcodec_copy_context(out_stream->codec, in_stream->codec) < 0) {
printf("Failed to copy context from input to output stream codec context\n");
goto end;
}
out_stream->codec->codec_tag = 0;
if (ofmt_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) out_stream->codec->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
break;
}
}
printf("==========Output Information==========\n");
av_dump_format(ofmt_ctx, 0, out_filename, 1);
printf("======================================\n");
// Open output file
if (!(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
if (avio_open(&ofmt_ctx->pb, out_filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) < 0) {
printf("Could not open output file '%s'", out_filename);
goto end;
}
}
// Write file header
if (avformat_write_header(ofmt_ctx, NULL) < 0) {
printf("Error occurred when opening output file\n");
goto end;
}
// FIX
#if USE_H264BSF
AVBitStreamFilterContext *h264bsfc = av_bitstream_filter_init("h264_mp4toannexb");
#endif
#if USE_AACBSF
AVBitStreamFilterContext *aacbsfc = av_bitstream_filter_init("aac_adtstoasc");
#endif
while (1) {
AVFormatContext *ifmt_ctx;
int stream_index = 0;
AVStream *in_stream, *out_stream;
// Get an AVPacket
if (av_compare_ts(cur_pts_v, ifmt_ctx_v->streams[videoindex_v]->time_base, cur_pts_a, ifmt_ctx_a->streams[audioindex_a]->time_base) <= 0) {
ifmt_ctx = ifmt_ctx_v;
stream_index = videoindex_out;
if (av_read_frame(ifmt_ctx, &pkt) >= 0) {
do {
in_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[pkt.stream_index];
out_stream = ofmt_ctx->streams[stream_index];
if (pkt.stream_index == videoindex_v) {
// FIX：No PTS (Example: Raw H.264)
// Simple Write PTS
if (pkt.pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
// Write PTS
AVRational time_base1 = in_stream->time_base;
// Duration between 2 frames (us)
int64_t calc_duration = (double)AV_TIME_BASE / av_q2d(in_stream->r_frame_rate);
// Parameters
pkt.pts = (double)(frame_index * calc_duration) / (double)(av_q2d(time_base1) * AV_TIME_BASE);
pkt.dts = pkt.pts;
pkt.duration = (double)calc_duration / (double)(av_q2d(time_base1) * AV_TIME_BASE);
frame_index++;
}
cur_pts_v = pkt.pts;
break;
}
} while (av_read_frame(ifmt_ctx, &pkt) >= 0);
} else {
break;
}
} else {
ifmt_ctx = ifmt_ctx_a;
stream_index = audioindex_out;
if (av_read_frame(ifmt_ctx, &pkt) >= 0) {
do {
in_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[pkt.stream_index];
out_stream = ofmt_ctx->streams[stream_index];
if (pkt.stream_index == audioindex_a) {
// FIX：No PTS
// Simple Write PTS
if (pkt.pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
// Write PTS
AVRational time_base1 = in_stream->time_base;
// Duration between 2 frames (us)
int64_t calc_duration = (double)AV_TIME_BASE / av_q2d(in_stream->r_frame_rate);
// Parameters
pkt.pts = (double)(frame_index * calc_duration) / (double)(av_q2d(time_base1) * AV_TIME_BASE);
pkt.dts = pkt.pts;
pkt.duration = (double)calc_duration / (double)(av_q2d(time_base1) * AV_TIME_BASE);
frame_index++;
}
cur_pts_a = pkt.pts;
break;
}
} while (av_read_frame(ifmt_ctx, &pkt) >= 0);
} else {
break;
}
}
// FIX:Bitstream Filter
#if USE_H264BSF
av_bitstream_filter_filter(h264bsfc, in_stream->codec, NULL, &pkt.data, &pkt.size, pkt.data, pkt.size, 0);
#endif
#if USE_AACBSF
av_bitstream_filter_filter(aacbsfc, out_stream->codec, NULL, &pkt.data, &pkt.size, pkt.data, pkt.size, 0);
#endif
// Convert PTS/DTS
pkt.pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(pkt.pts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
pkt.dts = av_rescale_q_rnd(pkt.dts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
pkt.duration = av_rescale_q(pkt.duration, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base);
pkt.pos = -1;
pkt.stream_index = stream_index;
printf("Write 1 Packet. size:%5d\tpts:%lld\n", pkt.size, pkt.pts);
// Write
if (av_interleaved_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, &pkt) < 0) {
printf("Error muxing packet\n");
break;
}
av_free_packet(&pkt);
}
// Write file trailer
av_write_trailer(ofmt_ctx);
#if USE_H264BSF
av_bitstream_filter_close(h264bsfc);
#endif
#if USE_AACBSF
av_bitstream_filter_close(aacbsfc);
#endif
end:
avformat_close_input(&ifmt_ctx_v);
avformat_close_input(&ifmt_ctx_a);
/* close output */
if (ofmt_ctx && !(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) avio_close(ofmt_ctx->pb);
avformat_free_context(ofmt_ctx);
if (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR_EOF) {
printf("Error occurred.\n");
return -1;
}
getchar();
return 0;
}
接下来看一下，当音频类型不是AAC时，要先转换成AAC。代码基于EasyAACEncoder开源库（点击下载），该库是EasyDarwin开源流媒体服务团队整理、开发的一款音频转码到AAC的工具库，目前支持G711a/G711u/G726/PCM等音频格式的转码，跨平台，支持Windows/Linux/arm。
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "EasyAACEncoderAPI.h"
#pragma comment(lib, "libEasyAACEncoder.lib")
using namespace std;
int main() {
InitParam initParam;
initParam.u32AudioSamplerate = 8000;
initParam.ucAudioChannel = 1;
initParam.u32PCMBitSize = 16;
initParam.ucAudioCodec = Law_ALaw;
//initParam.ucAudioCodec = Law_ULaw;
Easy_Handle handle = Easy_AACEncoder_Init(initParam);
char* infilename = "g711.g711a"; //标准
char* outAacname = "g711.aac";
FILE* fpIn = fopen(infilename, "rb");
if (NULL == fpIn) {
printf("%s:[%d] open %s file failed\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, infilename);
return -1;
}
FILE* fpOut = fopen(outAacname, "wb");
if(NULL == fpOut) {
printf("%s:[%d] open %s file failed\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, outAacname);
return -1;
}
int gBytesRead = 0;
int bG711ABufferSize = 500;
int bAACBufferSize = 4 * bG711ABufferSize; // 提供足够大的缓冲区
unsigned char *pbG711ABuffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(bG711ABufferSize * sizeof(unsigned char));
unsigned char *pbAACBuffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(bAACBufferSize * sizeof(unsigned char));
unsigned int out_len = 0;
while((gBytesRead = fread(pbG711ABuffer, 1, bG711ABufferSize, fpIn)) >0) {
if(Easy_AACEncoder_Encode(handle, pbG711ABuffer, gBytesRead, pbAACBuffer, &out_len) > 0) {
fwrite(pbAACBuffer, 1, out_len, fpOut);
}
}
Easy_AACEncoder_Release(handle);
free(pbG711ABuffer);
free(pbAACBuffer);
fclose(fpIn);
fclose(fpOut);
return 0;
}
转成AAC后，就可以继续封装成MP4了。
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