VS Code / CMake创建嵌入式Linux C/C++应用

Emtronix英创

已于 2023-03-08 15:01:36 修改

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文章标签： linux c语言 c++ ubuntu arm开发

于 2023-03-06 15:41:25 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_39142649/article/details/129363306

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VS Code是目前最流行的C/C++程序开发环境之一，利用VS Code对CMake工程模式的支持，创建面向嵌入式Linux平台的C/C++应用，对工程管理非常方便，值得对此作专门的介绍（以下介绍以英创的嵌入式主板ESM7000为例）。本文已假设VS Code及C/C++插件、CMake插件均已正确安装在开发主机Linux / Ubuntu环境中。

创建基本的工程目录

在Terminal窗口，创建一个测试精简ISA总线的project目录（test_isa）：

xps15:~/esm7000/app$ mkdir test_isa

拷贝两个基本配置文件，文件environment-setup-cortexa7hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi是交叉编译工具路径下的配置脚本文件，它包含了交叉编译工具链的安装路径信息；文件esm7000_toolchain.cmake是面向交叉编译工具的CMake描述文件，包含在英创的主板资料中。用于CMake Configure。这样在<test_isa>目录下可看到2个配置文件如下：

xps15:~/esm7000/app/test_isa$ ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 … 3441 Mar  6 10:17 environment-setup-cortexa7hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi
-rw-r--r-- 1 … 1895 Mar  6 10:17 esm7000_toolchain.cmake

在Terminal窗口运行source交叉编译工具，然后启动vscode:

xps15:~/esm7000/app/test_isa$ source environment-setup-cortexa7hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi
xps15:~/esm7000/app/test_isa$ code .

VSCODE插件（Extension）的功能，都是通过命令来操作配置的，命令的启动方式一般为：Ctrl-Shft-P -> <命令关键词>….，我们常用的命令有C/C++、CMake等。进入VS Code后，首先需要创建CMake配置：Ctrl-Shft-P -> CMake: Quick Start，选择kit -> GCC 6.2.0 arm-poky-linux-gnueabi：

选择工程名称test_isa，生成代码类型为Executable。

于是，vscode会自动生成CMakeLists.txt如下：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)
project(test_isa VERSION 0.1.0)

include(CTest)
enable_testing()

add_executable(test_isa main.cpp)

set(CPACK_PROJECT_NAME ${PROJECT_NAME})
set(CPACK_PROJECT_VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION})
include(CPack)

为CMake配置交叉编译工具

这时，需要把交叉编译工具联入CMake的configure中，方法是File -> Preferences -> Settings -> Workspace -> Extensions -> CMake Tools，在CMake: Configure Args添加：

上述操作会让vscode在工程的.vscode隐含目录下创建settings.json如下：

{
    "cmake.configureArgs": [
        "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${workspaceFolder}/esm7000_toolchain.cmake"
    ]
}

运行CMake命令，Ctrl-Shft-P -> CMake: Delete Cache and Reconfigure，就可从VS Code的OUTPUT窗口（在下方）的CMake Configure信息：

[main] Configuring project: test_isa
[driver] Removing /home/x10/esm7000/app/test_isa/build/CMakeCache.txt
[driver] Removing /home/x10/esm7000/app/test_isa/build/CMakeFiles
[proc] Executing command: /usr/bin/cmake --no-warn-unused-cli -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/home/x10/esm7000/app/test_isa/esm7000_toolchain.cmake -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS:BOOL=TRUE -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Debug -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER:FILEPATH=/home/x10/esm7000/toolchain/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:FILEPATH=/home/x10/esm7000/toolchain/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-g++ -S/home/x10/esm7000/rootfs/usr/app/test_isa -B/home/x10/esm7000/rootfs/usr/app/test_isa/build -G "Unix Makefiles"
[cmake] Not searching for unused variables given on the command line.
[cmake] -- The C compiler identification is GNU 6.2.0
[cmake] -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 6.2.0
[cmake] -- Check for working C compiler: /home/x10/esm7000/toolchain/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc
[cmake] -- Check for working C compiler: /home/x10/esm7000/toolchain/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc -- works
[cmake] -- Detecting C compiler ABI info
[cmake] -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
[cmake] -- Detecting C compile features
[cmake] -- Detecting C compile features - done
[cmake] -- Check for working CXX compiler: /home/x10/esm7000/toolchain/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-g++
[cmake] -- Check for working CXX compiler: /home/x10/esm7000/toolchain/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-g++ -- works
[cmake] -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
[cmake] -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
[cmake] -- Detecting CXX compile features
[cmake] -- Detecting CXX compile features - done
[cmake] -- Configuring done
[cmake] -- Generating done
[cmake] -- Build files have been written to: /home/x10/esm7000/app/test_isa/build
[cmakefileapi-driver] This version of CMake does not support the "toolchains" object kind. Compiler paths will be determined by reading CMakeCache.txt.

CMake配置成功后，点击VS Code下方状态栏上的Build键，即可对应用进行交叉编译：

[main] Building folder: test_isa
[build] Starting build
[proc] Executing command: /usr/bin/cmake --build /home/x10/esm7000/app/test_isa/build --config Debug --target all -j 10 --
[build] Scanning dependencies of target test_isa
[build] [ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_isa.dir/main.cpp.o
[build] [100%] Linking CXX executable test_isa
[build] [100%] Built target test_isa
[build] Build finished with exit code 0

当然，也可切换到Release模式进行Build。

添加实际的应用代码

拷贝之前已经过验证的test_isa的相关代码到~/esm7000/app/test_isa/路径下，并把source code文件加入CMakeLists.txt：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1.0)
set(PRJNAME test_isa)
project(${PRJNAME} VERSION 0.2.0)

# Set the variable CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD to 11
# and the variable CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED to True
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)


# Use configure_file to configure and copy UserConfig.h.in to UserConfig.h
configure_file(UserConfig.h.in UserConfig.h)

include(CTest)
enable_testing()

set(SOURCEFILES test_isa.cpp isa_api_v3.cpp isa_dma_ext.cpp isa_dma_mmap.cpp)
add_executable(${PRJNAME} ${SOURCEFILES})

# Use target_include_directories to include ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
target_include_directories(${PRJNAME} PRIVATE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})

set(CPACK_PROJECT_NAME ${PROJECT_NAME})
set(CPACK_PROJECT_VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION})
include(CPack)

点击Build进行编译，可看到多个cpp文件均被正常编译：

[build] Starting build
[proc] Executing command: /usr/bin/cmake --build /home/x10/esm7000/app/test_isa/build --config Release --target all -j 10 --
[build] Scanning dependencies of target test_isa
[build] [ 20%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_isa.dir/isa_dma_ext.cpp.o
[build] [ 40%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_isa.dir/isa_api_v3.cpp.o
[build] [ 60%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_isa.dir/test_isa.cpp.o
[build] [ 80%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_isa.dir/isa_dma_mmap.cpp.o
[build] [100%] Linking CXX executable test_isa
[build] [100%] Built target test_isa
[build] Build finished with exit code 0

让C/C++ IntelliSense正确感知

VS Code的C/C++插件可使编辑器正常感知包含在交叉编译工具里面的目标运行环境。具体做法是通过C/C++命令来进行必要的设置：Ctrl-Shft-P -> C/C++: Edit Configure (UI)。设置完成后，VS Code会自动在.vscode路径在生成c_cpp_properties.json如下：

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Linux",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "${SDKTARGETSYSROOT}/usr/include/**"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "__ARM_PCS_VFP"
            ],
            "compilerPath": "${OECORE_NATIVE_SYSROOT}/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/${CROSS_COMPILE}g++",
            "cStandard": "c17",
            "cppStandard": "c++14",
            "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-arm",
            "configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.makefile-tools",
            "compilerArgs": [
                "-march=armv7ve",
                "-mfpu=neon ",
                "-mfloat-abi=hard ",
                "-mcpu=cortex-a7 ",
                "--sysroot=${SDKTARGETSYSROOT}"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

正确配置目标运行环境，使VS Code的Editor可正确索引头文件内容，方便编程和调试。