装饰模式

动态的给一个对象添加一些额外的职责，就增加功能呢来说，装饰模式比生成子类更加灵活。

 

装饰模式结构图

Component 是定义一个对象接口，可以给这些对象动态地添加职责，ConcreteComponent是定义了一个具体对象，也可以给这个对象添加职责，Decorator装饰抽象类，继承了Component从外类扩展Component类的功能，对于Component来说，是无需知道Decorator存在的，concreteDecoratorA和concreteDecoratorB是具体的装饰对象，给Component添加职责的，

1.案例1：

public abstract class Component {

    public abstract  void operation();


}


public class ConcreteComponent extends Component {

    @Override
    public void operation() {
        System.out.println("具体对象的操作");
    }
}


public class Decorator extends  Component {

    protected Component component;

    public  void setComponent(Component component){
        this.component = component;
    }

    @Override
    public void operation() {
        if(null != component){
            component.operation();
        }
    }
}


public class ConcreteDecoratorA  extends  Decorator{

    private String addStates;

    @Override
    public void operation() {
        super.operation();
        addStates = "ConcreteDecoratorA decorator!";
        System.out.println("具体装饰对象A的操作:"+addStates);
    }

}

public class ConcreteDecoratorB extends  Decorator {

    @Override
    public void operation() {
        super.operation();
        addedBehavior();
    }


    private void addedBehavior(){
        System.out.println("具体装饰对象B的操作...");
    }

}


public class baseTestMain {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConcreteComponent concreteComponent = new ConcreteComponent();
        ConcreteDecoratorA concreteDecoratorA = new ConcreteDecoratorA();
        ConcreteDecoratorB concreteDecoratorB = new ConcreteDecoratorB();
        concreteDecoratorA.setComponent(concreteComponent);
        concreteDecoratorB.setComponent(concreteDecoratorA);
        concreteDecoratorB.operation();
    }
}

结果如下：

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java "-javaagent:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA CE.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=51079:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA CE.app/Contents/bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/deploy.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/javaws.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/management-agent.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/plugin.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/ant-javafx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/javafx-mx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/jconsole.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/packager.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/sa-jdi.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_241.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Users/liuxuwei/IdeaProjects/dahuadesignmodel/out/production/dahuadesignmodel decorationmodel3.baseexample.baseTestMain
具体对象的操作
具体装饰对象A的操作:ConcreteDecoratorA decorator!
具体装饰对象B的操作...

Process finished with exit code 0

 

此外，如果没有Compoment类，只有一个ConcreteComponent类，那么Decorator类就可以是ComcreteComponent的一个子类，

同样，如果只有一个ConcreteDecorator类，那么就没有必要建立一个单独的Decorator类了，而可以把Decorator和ConcreteComponent合并成一个类。

2.案例2：对人进行衣服装饰，采用《大话设计模式》中的案例

代码结构图如下：

代码注释：

“Person”类（ConcreteComponent）

服饰类：Finery (Decorator)

具体服饰类：BigTrouser，Suit，Tie，TShirts  （ConcreteDecorator）

public class Person {

    private String name;

    public Person(){}

    public Person(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public  void show(){
        System.out.println("装扮的:" + name);
    }

}

public class Finery extends  Person {

    protected  Person component;

    //装饰
    public void decorate(Person component){
        this.component = component;
    }

    @Override
    public void show() {
        if(null != component){
            component.show();
        }
    }
}


public class BigTrouser extends  Finery {
    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.print("垮裤  ");
        super.show();
    }
}


public class Suit extends Finery {

    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.print("西服  ");
        super.show();
    }
}


public class Tie extends Finery {

    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.print("领带  ");
        super.show();
    }
}


public class TShirts extends Finery {

    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.print("big TShirts  ");
        super.show();
    }
}

public class TestMain {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person xc = new Person("小王");

        System.out.println("第一种装扮:");
        TShirts tShirts = new TShirts();
        BigTrouser bigTrouser = new BigTrouser();

        tShirts.decorate(xc);
        bigTrouser.decorate(tShirts);
        bigTrouser.show();

        System.out.println("\n第二种装扮:");
        Suit suit = new Suit();
        Tie tie = new Tie();

        suit.decorate(xc);
        tie.decorate(suit);
        tie.show();
    }
}

结果如下：

第一种装扮:
垮裤  big TShirts  装扮的:小王

第二种装扮:
领带  西服  装扮的:小王

Process finished with exit code 0

总结：

装饰模式优点：把类中的装饰功能从类中移出去，简化原有的类，有效把核心职责和装饰功能区分开，而且可以去除相关类中重复逻辑。

 

 

参考：《大话设计模式》