机器学习 09 鸢尾花种类预测实现流程 -------第一个机器学习案例

机器学习的过程
1.获取数据集
2.数据基本处理
3.特征工程
4.机器学习(模型训练)
5.模型评估

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
# 1.获取数据集
iris = load_iris()

# 2.数据基本处理
# x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test为训练集特征值、测试集特征值、训练集目标值、测试集目标值
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(iris.data, iris.target, test_size=0.2, random_state=22)
# 3、特征工程：标准化
transfer = StandardScaler()
x_train = transfer.fit_transform(x_train)
x_test = transfer.transform(x_test)
# 4、机器学习(模型训练)
estimator = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=9)
estimator.fit(x_train, y_train)
# 5、模型评估
# 方法1：比对真实值和预测值
y_predict = estimator.predict(x_test)
print("预测结果为:\n", y_predict)
print("比对真实值和预测值：\n", y_predict == y_test)
# 方法2：直接计算准确率
score = estimator.score(x_test, y_test)
print("准确率为：\n", score)