二值形态学（膨胀，腐蚀，开启，关闭）的opencv实现

一、opencv几个形态学函数定义

       形态学函数的头文件：#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>

       函数定义如下：

//! erodes the image (applies the local minimum operator)
CV_EXPORTS_W void erode( InputArray src, OutputArray dst, InputArray kernel,
                         Point anchor=Point(-1,-1), int iterations=1,
                         int borderType=BORDER_CONSTANT,
                         const Scalar& borderValue=morphologyDefaultBorderValue() );

//! dilates the image (applies the local maximum operator)
CV_EXPORTS_W void dilate( InputArray src, OutputArray dst, InputArray kernel,
                          Point anchor=Point(-1,-1), int iterations=1,
                          int borderType=BORDER_CONSTANT,
                          const Scalar& borderValue=morphologyDefaultBorderValue() );

//! applies an advanced morphological operation to the image
CV_EXPORTS_W void morphologyEx( InputArray src, OutputArray dst,
                                int op, InputArray kernel,
                                Point anchor=Point(-1,-1), int iterations=1,
                                int borderType=BORDER_CONSTANT,
                                const Scalar& borderValue=morphologyDefaultBorderValue() );

二、形态学函数解析

        erode（ 腐蚀函数）： InputArray src,  原图像