openGL对光的处理

这一节主要就是对光的明暗效果的处理。

最终的显示效果又由3部分共同作用：ambient + diffuse + specular

而这些处理实在shader中完成的，其实主要的代码和前面基本一样，主要是修改了shader并且新添加了一个shader给光源用，以及主循环里的代码

main.cpp：

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

// GLEW
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <glew.h>

// GLFW
#include <glfw3.h>

// Other Libs
#include <SOIL.h>
// GLM Mathematics
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

// Other includes
#include "Shader.h"
#include "Camera.h"


// Function prototypes
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void do_movement();

// Window dimensions
const GLuint WIDTH = 800, HEIGHT = 600;

// Camera
Camera  camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));
GLfloat lastX = WIDTH / 2.0;
GLfloat lastY = HEIGHT / 2.0;
bool    keys[1024];

// Light attributes
glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);

// Deltatime
GLfloat deltaTime = 0.0f;	// Time between current frame and last frame
GLfloat lastFrame = 0.0f;  	// Time of last frame

							// The MAIN function, from here we start the application and run the game loop
int main()
{
	// Init GLFW
	glfwInit();
	// Set all the required options for GLFW
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE);

	// Create a GLFWwindow object that we can use for GLFW's functions
	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", nullptr, nullptr);
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

	// Set the required callback functions
	glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback);
	glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
	glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);

	// GLFW Options
	glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);

	// Set this to true so GLEW knows to use a modern approach to retrieving function pointers and extensions
	glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
	// Initialize GLEW to setup the OpenGL Function pointers
	glewInit();

	// Define the viewport dimensions
	glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);

	// OpenGL options
	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);


	// Build and compile our shader program
	Shader lightingShader("lighting.vs", "lighting.frag");
	Shader lampShader("lamp.vs", "lamp.frag");

	// Set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and attribute pointers
	GLfloat vertices[] = {
		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,

		-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
		-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,

		-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
		-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
		-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,

		0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,

		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,

		-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
		-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
		-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f
	};
	// First, set the container's VAO (and VBO)
	GLuint VBO, containerVAO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &containerVAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	glBindVertexArray(containerVAO);
	// Position attribute
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	// Normal attribute
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
	glBindVertexArray(0);

	// Then, we set the light's VAO (VBO stays the same. After all, the vertices are the same for the light object (also a 3D cube))
	GLuint lightVAO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightVAO);
	glBindVertexArray(lightVAO);
	// We only need to bind to the VBO (to link it with glVertexAttribPointer), no need to fill it; the VBO's data already contains all we need.
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	// Set the vertex attributes (only position data for the lamp))
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0); // Note that we skip over the normal vectors
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glBindVertexArray(0);


	// Game loop
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
		// Calculate deltatime of current frame
		GLfloat currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
		deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
		lastFrame = currentFrame;

		// Check if any events have been activiated (key pressed, mouse moved etc.) and call corresponding response functions
		glfwPollEvents();
		do_movement();

		// Clear the colorbuffer
		glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

		// Use cooresponding shader when setting uniforms/drawing objects
		lightingShader.Use();
		GLint objectColorLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "objectColor");
		GLint lightColorLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "lightColor");
		GLint lightPosLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "lightPos");
		GLint viewPosLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "viewPos");
		lightPos.x = 1.0f + sin((GLfloat)glfwGetTime()) * 2.0f;
		lightPos.y = sin((GLfloat)glfwGetTime() / 2) * 1.0f;
		glUniform3f(objectColorLoc, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
		glUniform3f(lightColorLoc, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
		glUniform3f(lightPosLoc, lightPos.x, lightPos.y, lightPos.z);
		glUniform3f(viewPosLoc, camera.Position.x, camera.Position.y, camera.Position.z);



		// Create camera transformations
		glm::mat4 view;
		view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
		glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(camera.Zoom, (GLfloat)WIDTH / (GLfloat)HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
		// Get the uniform locations
		GLint modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "model");
		GLint viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "view");
		GLint projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "projection");
		// Pass the matrices to the shader
		glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
		glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));

		// Draw the container (using container's vertex attributes)
		glBindVertexArray(containerVAO);
		glm::mat4 model;
		glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
		glBindVertexArray(0);

		// Also draw the lamp object, again binding the appropriate shader
		lampShader.Use();
		// Get location objects for the matrices on the lamp shader (these could be different on a different shader)
		modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lampShader.Program, "model");
		viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lampShader.Program, "view");
		projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lampShader.Program, "projection");
		// Set matrices
		glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
		glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
		model = glm::mat4();
		model = glm::translate(model, lightPos);
		model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f)); // Make it a smaller cube
		glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
		// Draw the light object (using light's vertex attributes)
		glBindVertexArray(lightVAO);
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
		glBindVertexArray(0);

		// Swap the screen buffers
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
	}

	// Terminate GLFW, clearing any resources allocated by GLFW.
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

// Is called whenever a key is pressed/released via GLFW
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode)
{
	if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS)
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE);
	if (key >= 0 && key < 1024)
	{
		if (action == GLFW_PRESS)
			keys[key] = true;
		else if (action == GLFW_RELEASE)
			keys[key] = false;
	}
}

void do_movement()
{
	// Camera controls
	if (keys[GLFW_KEY_W])
		camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
	if (keys[GLFW_KEY_S])
		camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
	if (keys[GLFW_KEY_A])
		camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
	if (keys[GLFW_KEY_D])
		camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
}

bool firstMouse = true;
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos)
{
	if (firstMouse)
	{
		lastX = xpos;
		lastY = ypos;
		firstMouse = false;
	}

	GLfloat xoffset = xpos - lastX;
	GLfloat yoffset = lastY - ypos;  // Reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to left

	lastX = xpos;
	lastY = ypos;

	camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}

void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
{
	camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}

lighting.vs：

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 normal;

uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;

out vec3 FragPos;
out vec3 Normal;

void main()
{
    gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(position, 1.0f);
	FragPos = vec3(model * vec4(position, 1.0f));
	Normal = mat3(transpose(inverse(model))) * normal;
} 

lighting.frag:

#version 330 core
out vec4 color;

in vec3 FragPos;  
in vec3 Normal;  
  
uniform vec3 lightPos; 
uniform vec3 viewPos;
uniform vec3 lightColor;
uniform vec3 objectColor;

void main()
{
    // Ambient
    float ambientStrength = 0.1f;
    vec3 ambient = ambientStrength * lightColor;
  	
    // Diffuse 
    vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);
    vec3 lightDir = normalize(lightPos - FragPos);
    float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);
    vec3 diffuse = diff * lightColor;
    
    // Specular
    float specularStrength = 0.5f;
    vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
    vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm);  
    float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), 32);
    vec3 specular = specularStrength * spec * lightColor;  
        
    vec3 result = (ambient + diffuse + specular) * objectColor;
    color = vec4(result, 1.0f);
} 

lamp.vs:

#version 330 core

layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;

uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;

void main()
{
	gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(position, 1.0f);
}

lamp.frag:

#version 330 core
out vec4 color;

void main()
{
	color = vec4(1.0f);
}