笔记：字符串函数（QString）

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QDebug>//#include <QtDebug>
#include <QString>
#include <QByteArray>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);  

    QString str("abc图形界面");
    QString str2 = "123";
    QString str3 = " hello \t   \n world ";
    /*操作字符串*/
    //附加字符串
    str.append(str2);//abc图形界面123
    str.append(" hel");//abc图形界面123 hel
    str += "lo";//abc图形界面123 hello
    //格式化字符串
    str.sprintf("%s","hello Qt");//hello Qt
    str = QString("%1 %2").arg("ver:Qt").arg(5.8);//ver:Qt 5.8
    //插入、替换
    str.insert(6,"~");//ver:Qt~5.8
    str.prepend("aa ");//aa ver:Qt~5.8
    str.replace("ver","-");//aa -:Qt~5.8
    //去除空格、制表符、回车符、换行符
    str = str3.trimmed();//不改变str3，"hello \t   \n world"
    str2 = str3.simplified();//不改变str3，"hello world"

    /*查询字符串，判断*/
    bool flag = false;
    QString str4 = "C++ GUI";
    QString str5 = "She was born in Beijing.";
    flag = str4.startsWith("C++",Qt::CaseSensitive);//true
    flag = str4.endsWith("gui");//false 默认为区分大小写
    flag = str5.contains("was");//true
    flag = (str4 == str5);//false
    flag = QString().isNull();//true
    flag = QString().isEmpty();//true
    flag = QString("").isNull();//false
    flag = QString("").isEmpty();//true

    /*字符串转换*/
    //字符串转数字
    //toInt() toFloat() toDouble() toLong() toLongLong()
    QString str6 = "255";
    QString str7 = "3.14159";
    bool ok = false;
    int dec = str6.toInt(&ok);//255
    int hex = str6.toInt(&ok,16);//597
    float f = str7.toFloat(&ok);//3.14159
    double d = str7.toDouble(&ok);//3.14159

    //字符编码集转换
    //toUtf8() 返回一个UTF-8编码的8位字符串（UTF-8是ASCII码的超集，支持Unicode字符集）
    //toLatin1() 返回一个Latin-1编码（ISO8859-1）的8位字符串
    //toLocal8Bit() 返回一个系统本地编码的8位字符串
    QString str8("中文abc123");
    QByteArray ba = str8.toUtf8();
    qDebug() << ba.data();//中文abc123
    ba.append("编码def");
    qDebug() << ba.data();//中文abc123编码def

    return a.exec();
}