Python - 基础知识2

1. 类添加新属性和新属性赋值:

__metaclass__ = type

class Rectangle:
    def __init__(self):
        self.width = 0
        self.height = 0
    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        if name == 'size': # size property = value
            self.width, self.height = value
        else: #insert new property by dict
            self.__dict__[name] = value
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name == 'size':
            return self.width, self.height
        else:
            raise AttributeError

re = Rectangle()
re.size = (10,20)
re.pro = {"name":"Benson", "age":21}

print re.size
print re.pro

 

__metaclass__ = type

class Rec:
    def __init__(self):
        self.width = 0
        self.height = 0
    def setSize(self, size):
        self.width, self.height = size
    def getSize(self):
        return self.width, self.height
    size = property(getSize, setSize)

rc = Rec()
rc.size = (2,3)
print rc.size

2.序列和映射:

__metaclass__ = type

def checkIndex(key):
    if not isinstance(key, (int, long) ): raise TypeError
    if key < 0: raise IndexError

class ArithmeticSequence:
    def __init__(self, start = 0, step = 1):
        self.start = start
        self.step = step
        self.changed = {}
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        checkIndex(key)
        try: return self.changed[key]
        except KeyError:
            return self.start+key*self.step
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        checkIndex(key)
        self.changed[key] = value

s = ArithmeticSequence(1, 2)
print s[4]

 

3. __setattr__, __getattr__, __delattr__, __call__定义与用法:

__metaclass__ = type   #新类语法

class MyDict(dict): #继承dict类
    #当试图给特性key赋值时被调用
    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
        self[key] = value
    #当特性key被访问且对象没有响应的特性时被调用
    def __getattr__(self, key):
        try:
            return self[key]
        except KeyError, k:
            return None
    #当试图删除特性key时被自动调用
    def __delattr__(self, key):
        try:
            del self[key]
        except KeyError, k:
            return None
    #当试图调用特性key时被调用
    def __call__(self, key):
        try:
            return self[key]
        except KeyError, k:
            return None

test = MyDict()

test.name = "Benson" #调用__setattr__
print test('name') #__call__
print test['name'] #dict默认行为
print test.name #__getattr__
del test.name #__delattr__