关于DVWA的学习-CSRF
Background
CSRF(Cross-Site Request Forgery)跨站点请求伪造。
相关介绍:
CSRF及相关防御手段介绍
low
说实话,一开始都不知道是干啥的,只看出是用于修改password的界面。
点击提交之后,url发生了变化,并且不需要token,因此直接利用这个链接便可以随时修改密码。
- 比如我新开一个tab,输入上面的url,便会提示修改成功:
- 直接使用原链接未免有些明显,可以生成短链接,不那么容易被发现。(短链接生成工具)
medium
界面和low一样,故技重施,在新tab输入修改密码的url,会提示报错。
查看源代码:
<?php
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
// Checks to see where the request came from
if( stripos( $_SERVER[ 'HTTP_REFERER' ] ,$_SERVER[ 'SERVER_NAME' ]) !== false ) { //查看是否referer中是否包含服务器名,防止csrf的一种手段
// Get input
$pass_new = $_GET[ 'password_new' ];
$pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ];
//echo $_SERVER[ 'HTTP_REFERER' ];
// Do the passwords match?
if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
// They do!
$pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
$pass_new = md5( $pass_new );
// Update the database
$insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";
$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );
// Feedback for the user
$html .= "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
}
else {
// Issue with passwords matching
$html .= "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
}
}
else {
// Didn't come from a trusted source
//$html .= $_SERVER[ 'SERVER_NAME' ] ;
$html .= "<pre>requests seem wrong.</pre>";
}
((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}
?>
从代码看出,加了一个防御手段,就是查看referer(简单解释的话,referer就是:你从哪里发起这个请求的,可以拦截从外部网站提出的请求)。
通过抓包,我的referer是包含服务器名(我的IP)的,但是却一直报错,后来通过打印 $_SERVER[ ‘SERVER_NAME’ ],发现输出的不是IP,而是 “localhost”,很离谱。后来将Nginx换成Apache便可以了TAT。
成功!
high
采用了user_token检查机制,进行CSRF之前,需要获取当前的token(每次刷新都会更新),才能实现攻击,搜索了之后有两种基本方式,XSS和bp的CSRF_token_tracker插件。
有了这个插件之后,每次重放这个数据包都会自动更新user_token:
关于XSS,明天学学。
impossible
可以看到,需要输入原密码。
再来看一下代码:
<?php
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
// Check Anti-CSRF token
checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );
// Get input
$pass_curr = $_GET[ 'password_current' ];
$pass_new = $_GET[ 'password_new' ];
$pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ];
// Sanitise current password input
$pass_curr = stripslashes( $pass_curr );
$pass_curr = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_curr ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
$pass_curr = md5( $pass_curr );
// Check that the current password is correct
$data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' );
$data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_curr, PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->execute();
// Do both new passwords match and does the current password match the user?
if( ( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) && ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) ) {
// It does!
$pass_new = stripslashes( $pass_new );
$pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
$pass_new = md5( $pass_new );
// Update database with new password
$data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET password = (:password) WHERE user = (:user);' );
$data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_new, PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->execute();
// Feedback for the user
$html .= "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
}
else {
// Issue with passwords matching
$html .= "<pre>Passwords did not match or current password incorrect.</pre>";
}
}
// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();
?>
需要输入原密码的话,就很难发起CSRF攻击了,因为attacker很难先得到victim的密码。