C++ 定义一个类，类的成员变量没有指针

编程环境：win10，vs2017

#include <iostream>

 

代码01

namespace ds01 {     //类定义     struct DsSize     {          //没有明确写出构造和析构，编译器会使用默认构造、拷贝赋值、析构。     };       //测试程序     void testDsSize()     {          DsSize s1;  //默认构造          DsSize s2(s1);  //默认拷贝构造          DsSize s3 = s2;  //默认拷贝赋值            cout << "address s1 = " << &s1 << endl;          cout << "address s2 = " << &s2 << endl;          cout << "address s3 = " << &s3 << endl;     } }   int main() {     ds01::testDsSize();     return 0; }

输出 address s1 = 008FF8F7 address s2 = 008FF8EB address s3 = 008FF8DF

创建三个对象，三个对象的地址不同，是三个不同的对象。

 

代码02

namespace ds02 {     //类定义     struct DsSize     {            public:   //有成员变量          int width;          int height;     };       //测试程序     void testDsSize1()     {          DsSize s1;          //DsSize s2(s1);  // 错误  C4700    使用了未初始化的局部变量“s1”          cout << "address s1 = " << &s1 << endl;     }       void testDsSize2()     {          DsSize s1;          s1.width = 10; s1.height = 5;   //为s1的成员变量赋值          DsSize s2(s1);  //s1不再是未初始化的，编译通过。          cout << "address s1 = " << &s1 << endl;          cout << "address s2 = " << &s2 << endl;     } }

ds02::testDsSize1() 的输出 address s1 = 010FFBAC ds02::testDsSize2() 的输出 address s1 = 010FFBAC address s2 = 010FFB9C

 

代码03

namespace ds03 {     //类定义     struct DsSize     {     public:          int width = 1;          int height = 1;     };       //测试程序     void testDsSize1()     {          DsSize s1;           DsSize s2(s1);  //编译通过          cout << "address s1 = " << &s1 << " width=" << s1.width << " height=" << s1.height << endl;     } }

ds03::testDsSize1() 的输出 address s1 = 0067F8F8 width=1 height=1

 

代码04

namespace ds04 {     //类定义     struct DsSize     {          DsSize() : width(0), height(0) {}   //在构造函数初始化成员数据       public:          int width = 1;          int height = 1;     };       //测试程序     void testDsSize1()     {          DsSize s1;           DsSize s2(s1);            cout << "address s1 = " << &s1 << " width=" << s1.width << " height=" << s1.height << endl;          cout << "address s2 = " << &s2 << " width=" << s2.width << " height=" << s2.height << endl;     } }

ds04::testDsSize1() 的输出 address s1 = 00F9FE08 width=0 height=0 address s2 = 00F9FDF8 width=0 height=0

s1 ,s2 成员数据初始化的结果是0，不是1.

 

代码05

namespace ds05 {     struct DsSize     {     public:          //构造          DsSize() : width(0), height(0) {}            //拷贝构造          DsSize(const DsSize& size) : width(size.width), height(size.height) {}            //拷贝赋值          const DsSize& operator =(const DsSize& size)          {              if (this != &size)              {                   width = size.width;                   height = size.height;              }              return *this;          }            //其他构造          DsSize(const int&width, const int&height) :width(width), height(height) {}          DsSize(const DsSize* size)          {              if (size == nullptr)              {                   width = 1;                   height = 1;              }              else              {                   width = size->width;                   height = size->height;              }          }            //析构          ~DsSize()          {              cout << "析构" << endl;          }       public:          const int& GetWidth() const          {              return width;          }            const int& GetHeight() const          {              return height;          }       private:          int width;          int height;     };       //重载运算符 << ,不能在类的内部定义，只能放在类的外部定义。     ostream& operator << (ostream& out, const DsSize& size)     {          out << "Address=0x" << &size << " Width=" << size.GetWidth() << " Height=" << size.GetHeight();          return out;     }       //测试程序     void testDsSize1()     {          DsSize s1;  //DsSize()          DsSize s2(s1);  //DsSize(const DsSize& size)          DsSize s3 = s2;  //const DsSize& operator =(const DsSize& size)          DsSize s4(10, 5);  //DsSize(const int&width, const int&height)          DsSize s5(nullptr);  //DsSize(const DsSize* size)            cout << "s1 : " << s1 << endl;          cout << "s2 : " << s2 << endl;          cout << "s3 : " << s3 << endl;          cout << "s4 : " << s4 << endl;          cout << "s5 : " << s5 << endl;         } }

ds05::testDsSize1() 的输出 s1 : Address=0x00D3FDB0 Width=0 Height=0 s2 : Address=0x00D3FDA0 Width=0 Height=0 s3 : Address=0x00D3FD90 Width=0 Height=0 s4 : Address=0x00D3FD80 Width=10 Height=5 s5 : Address=0x00D3FD70 Width=1 Height=1 析构 析构 析构 析构 析构