C++ 定义一个类，类的成员变量包含指针 示例1

编程环境：win10，vs2017

代码

#pragma once #include <iostream>   //为了说明C++如何定义含有指针的类, //定义一个DsNode类，DsNode类的功能是使用一个指针，保存4种不同类型的数据。 //这四种类型是 char,short,int,longlong //转换函数(conversion function) //仿函数(function-like classes) //有指针的类，在析构时，要释放动态申请的堆内存   namespace ds08 {       using namespace std;       class DsData     {     private:          char * data;  //保存数据的首地址          size_t length;  //数据的长度       private:          void CreateValue(char * address, size_t len)          {              this->data = new char[len];  //动态申请的堆内存，用完了，要释放。              memcpy(this->data, address, len);              this->length = len;          }       public:  //构造 析构          DsData():data(nullptr),length(0) {}          DsData(const DsData& dd)          {              CreateValue((char *)(dd.GetData()), dd.length);          }            DsData& operator = (const DsData& dd)          {              if (this != &dd)  //dd和this不是同一个对象              {                   delete[] (this->data);  //删除旧的data                     CreateValue((char *)(dd.GetData()), dd.length);  //建立新的data              }              return *this;          }            //析构          ~DsData()          {              if (this->data != nullptr)              {                   delete[] this->data;  //必须显示析构数组，删除数组时，[]不能漏掉，否则会造成内存泄漏              }          }       public:  //其他构造          //保存 char 数据          DsData(const char& i)          {              if (this->data != nullptr)              {                   delete[] this->data;              }              CreateValue((char *)(&i), sizeof(char));          }            //保存 short 数据          DsData(const short& i)          {              if (this->data != nullptr)              {                   delete[] this->data;              }              CreateValue((char *)(&i), sizeof(short));          }            //保存 int 数据          DsData(const int& i)          {              if (this->data != nullptr)              {                   delete[] this->data;              }              CreateValue((char *)(&i), sizeof(int));          }            //保存 long 数据          DsData(const long long& i)          {              if (this->data != nullptr)              {                   delete[] this->data;              }              CreateValue((char *)(&i), sizeof(long long));          }       public:  //Get Set          const char * GetData() const          {              return this->data;          }            const int& GetLength() const          {              return this->length;          }       public :          //4个转换函数 conversion function          //将对象转换为数值          operator char() const          {              if (length == 1)              {                   return *data;              }              else              {                   return (char)0;                }          }            operator short() const          {              if (length == 2)              {                   return *(short *)data;              }              else              {                   return (short)0;                }          }            operator int() const          {              if (length == 4)              {                   return *(int *)data;              }              else              {                   return (int)0;                }          }            operator long long() const          {              if (length == 8)              {                   return *(long long *)data;              }              else              {                   return (long long)0;                }          }       public:          /*          仿函数(function like classes)          buffer : 缓冲区地址          offset : 缓冲区偏移量          isRead : true=从buffer里读数据. false=将数据写到buffer里          将数据写到buffer里,或者从buffer里读数据          */          void operator () (char * buffer, int offset, bool isRead = false) const          //仿函数定义 : 第一个()是调用运算符, 此运算符被重载。第二个()是定义参数。          {              if (isRead)              {                   //从buffer里读数据                   memcpy(data, buffer + offset, length);              }              else              {                   //将数据写到buffer里                   memcpy(buffer + offset, data, length);              }          }       };       //重载运算符 << ,不能在类的内部定义，只能放在类的外部定义。     std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, const DsData& dd)     {          if (&dd != NULL)          {              const char * b = dd.GetData();              const char * e = b + dd.GetLength();                char buffer1[100];              snprintf(buffer1, 100, "Address=0x%08x  data=address:0x%08x length:%d value:",&dd,b, dd.GetLength());              out << buffer1;                char buffer[10];              for (const char * i = b; i != e; ++i)              {                   snprintf(buffer, 10, "0x%02x", (unsigned char) *i);                   out << buffer << " ";              }          }          return out;     }       //测试代码     void testDsData()     {          std::cout << " DsData 的长度 = " << sizeof(DsData) << std::endl;            DsData dsNull;          DsData dsChar('a');  //DsData(const char& i)          DsData dsShort((short)100); //DsData(const short& i)          DsData dsInt(200);  //DsData(const int& i)          DsData dsLongLong(300LL);  //DsData(const long long& i)                   std::cout << endl << "构造执行结果" << endl;          std::cout << "dsNull : " << dsNull << std::endl;          std::cout << "dsChar : " << dsChar << std::endl;          std::cout << "dsShort : " << dsShort << std::endl;          std::cout << "dsInt : " << dsInt << std::endl;          std::cout << "dsLongLong : " << dsLongLong << std::endl;            DsData dsCopyCtr(dsLongLong);          DsData dsAssignCtr(dsLongLong);            std::cout << "dsCopyCtr : " << dsCopyCtr << std::endl;          std::cout << "dsAssignCtr : " << dsAssignCtr << std::endl;            cout << endl << "转换函数执行结果" << endl;          char c = dsChar;          cout << "char c : " << c << endl;          short s = dsShort;          cout << "short s : " << s << endl;          int i = dsInt;          cout << "int i : " << i << endl;          long long l = dsLongLong;          cout << "long long l : " << l << endl;          int a = 100 + (int)dsInt;          cout << "int a = 100 + (int)dsInt; => " << l << endl;            std::cout << endl << "仿函数调用执行结果" << endl;          char buffer[4] = {100,100,100,100};          dsInt(buffer, 0, true);  //调用仿函数          std::cout << "dsInt : " << dsInt << std::endl;     } }

测试代码的输出 DsData 的长度 = 8   构造执行结果 dsNull : Address=0x00aff904  data=address:0x00000000 length:0 value: dsChar : Address=0x00aff8f4  data=address:0x00d65b80 length:1 value:0x61 dsShort : Address=0x00aff8e4  data=address:0x00d65bb0 length:2 value:0x64 0x00 dsInt : Address=0x00aff8d4  data=address:0x00d658a8 length:4 value:0xc8 0x00 0x00 0x00 dsLongLong : Address=0x00aff8c4  data=address:0x00d6f700 length:8 value:0x2c 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 dsCopyCtr : Address=0x00aff8b4  data=address:0x00d6f850 length:8 value:0x2c 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 dsAssignCtr : Address=0x00aff8a4  data=address:0x00d6f540 length:8 value:0x2c 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00   转换函数执行结果 char c : a short s : 100 int i : 200 long long l : 300 int a = 100 + (int)dsInt; => 300   仿函数调用执行结果 dsInt : Address=0x00aff8d4  data=address:0x00d658a8 length:4 value:0x64 0x64 0x64 0x64