C++ 定义一个类，类的成员变量包含指针。示例2 DsBytes

编程环境：win10，vs2017

DsBytes类封装了一个unsigned char *指针和一个记录数据长度的unsigned int。

实现了仿函数、转换函数和move

代码

#pragma once   #include <iostream>   namespace ds09 {         using namespace std;     typedef unsigned char Byte;       class DsBytes     {     private:          Byte * data;          size_t length;       private:          void Copy(const DsBytes& bytes)          {              this->data = new Byte[bytes.length];  //动态申请的堆内存，用完了，要释放。              memcpy(this->data, bytes.data, bytes.length);              this->length = bytes.length;          }            void Move(DsBytes& bytes)          {              this->data = bytes.data;              this->length = bytes.length;                bytes.data = nullptr;              bytes.length = 0;          }            void Destroy()          {              if (data != nullptr)              {                   delete[] data;  //必须显示析构数组，删除数组时，[]不能漏掉，否则会造成内存泄漏              }          }       public:  //构造,析构          DsBytes():data(nullptr), length(0) {}          DsBytes(size_t length,Byte value = 0) :length(length)          {              this->data = new Byte[length];              memset(this->data, value, length);          }            DsBytes(const DsBytes& bytes)          {              Copy(bytes);          }            DsBytes operator = (const DsBytes& bytes)          {              if (this != &bytes)  //dd和this不是同一个对象              {                   Destroy();  //删除旧的data                     Copy(bytes);;  //建立新的data              }              return *this;          }            DsBytes(DsBytes&& bytes)          {              Move(bytes);          }            DsBytes operator = (DsBytes&& bytes)          {              if (this != &bytes)  //dd和this不是同一个对象              {                   Move(bytes);              }              return *this;          }            ~DsBytes()          {              Destroy();          }       public:  //Get          Byte * GetData() const          {              return this->data;          }            const size_t& GetLength() const          {              return this->length;          }       public:          //转换函数 conversion function          //计算校验和          operator Byte() const          {              Byte b = 0;              for (int i = 0;i<length;++i)              {                   b += *(data + i);              }              return b;          }            //仿函数(function-like classes)          //将数据写到外部缓冲区,或者从外部缓冲区读数据          //externalBytes : 外部缓冲区地址          //externalOffset : 外部缓冲区地址偏移量          //internalOffet : 内部缓冲区地址偏移量          //size ：读写数据的长度          //isRead : true=从外部缓冲区读数据. false=将数据写到外部缓冲区          //          void operator () (Byte * externalBytes,const size_t& externalOffset,const size_t& internalOffet,const size_t& size, bool isRead = false) const          //仿函数定义 : 第一个()是调用运算符, 此运算符被重载。第二个()是定义参数。          {              if (isRead)              {                   //从外部缓冲区读数据                   memcpy(data + internalOffet, externalBytes + externalOffset, size);              }              else              {                   //将数据写到外部缓冲区                   memcpy(externalBytes + externalOffset, data + internalOffet, size);              }          }            void operator () (DsBytes& db, const size_t& externalOffset, const size_t& internalOffet, const size_t& size, bool isRead = false) const          //仿函数定义 : 第一个()是调用运算符, 此运算符被重载。第二个()是定义参数。          {              if (isRead)              {                   //从外部缓冲区读数据                   memcpy(data + internalOffet, db.GetData() + externalOffset, size);              }              else              {                   //将数据写到外部缓冲区                   memcpy(db.GetData() + externalOffset, data + internalOffet, size);              }          }            Byte operator + (const DsBytes& db) const          {              Byte a = *this;              Byte b = db;              return (Byte)(a + b);          }            Byte operator - (const DsBytes& db) const          {              Byte a = *this;              Byte b = db;              return (Byte)(a - b);          }     };       //重载运算符 << ,不能在类的内部定义，只能放在类的外部定义。     std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, const DsBytes& db)     {          if (&db != nullptr)          {              const Byte * b = db.GetData();              const Byte * e = b + db.GetLength();                char buffer1[100];              snprintf(buffer1, 100, "Address=0x%08x  data=address:0x%08x length:%d value:", &db, b, db.GetLength());              out << buffer1;                char buffer[10];              for (const Byte * i = b; i != e; ++i)              {                   snprintf(buffer, 10, "0x%02x", (Byte)*i);                   out << buffer << " ";              }          }          return out;     }       //测试代码     void testDsData()     {          DsBytes bytes01(5, 0xff);          cout << "bytes01 : " << bytes01 << endl;            DsBytes bytes02(move(bytes01));          cout << "将 bytes01 move 到 bytes02后的结果：" << endl;          cout << "bytes01 : " << bytes01 << endl;          cout << "bytes02 : " << bytes02 << endl;            DsBytes bytes03(3, 0xaa);          bytes02(bytes03, 0, 1, bytes03.GetLength(),true);          cout << "仿函数将 bytes03 复制到 bytes02后的结果：" << endl;          cout << "bytes03 : " << bytes03 << endl;          cout << "bytes02 : " << bytes02 << endl;            Byte crc = bytes02;          cout << "转换函数 bytes02 bytes03 的校验和：" << endl;          cout << "bytes02 crc : " << hex << "0x" << (int)crc << endl;          cout << "bytes03 crc : " << hex << "0x" << (int)bytes03 << endl;            cout << "bytes03 + bytes02 = " << hex << "0x" << (int)(bytes03 + bytes02) << endl;          cout << "bytes03 - bytes02 = " << hex << "0x" << (int)(bytes03 - bytes02) << endl;     }   }

测试代码的输出： bytes01 : Address=0x00b3fdd8  data=address:0x00bdf130 length:5 value:0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 将 bytes01 move 到 bytes02后的结果： bytes01 : Address=0x00b3fdd8  data=address:0x00000000 length:0 value: bytes02 : Address=0x00b3fdc8  data=address:0x00bdf130 length:5 value:0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 仿函数将 bytes03 复制到 bytes02后的结果： bytes03 : Address=0x00b3fdb8  data=address:0x00bdb168 length:3 value:0xaa 0xaa 0xaa bytes02 : Address=0x00b3fdc8  data=address:0x00bdf130 length:5 value:0xff 0xaa 0xaa 0xaa 0xff 转换函数 bytes02 bytes03 的校验和： bytes02 crc : 0xfc bytes03 crc : 0xfe bytes03 + bytes02 = 0xfa bytes03 - bytes02 = 0x2