创建文件系统常用命令

创建文件系统常用命令

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1. mkfs命令

mkfs命令：
(1) # mkfs.FS_TYPE /dev/DEVICE
     ext4/xfs/btrfs/vfat
[root@localhost ~]# partx -a /dev/sdb9

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb9
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
28112 inodes, 112420 blocks
5621 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
14 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2008 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

(2) # mkfs -t FS_TYPE /dev/DEVICE
     -L 'LABEL': 设定卷标

2. mke2fs命令

ext系列文件系统专用管理工具
            -t {ext2|ext3|ext4}
            -b {1024|2048|4096}
            -L 'LABEL'
            -j: 相当于 -t ext3
                mkfs.ext3 = mkfs -t ext3 = mke2fs -j = mke2fs -t ext3
            -i #: 为数据空间中每多少个字节创建一个inode；此大小不应该小于block的大小；
            -N #：为数据空间创建个多少个inode；
            -m #: 为管理人员预留的空间占据的百分比；
            -O FEATURE[,...]：启用指定特性
                -O ^FEATURE：关闭指定特性

3. mkswap

创建交换分区
mkswap [options] device
     -L 'LABEL'
前提：调整其分区的ID为82；

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其它常用工具

1. blkid

块设备属性信息查看
            blkid [OPTION]... [DEVICE]
                -U UUID: 根据指定的UUID来查找对应的设备
                -L LABEL：根据指定的LABEL来查找对应的设备

[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="c8b3a3a6-77fb-49a4-ad19-8afa038777db" TYPE="ext4" 

[root@localhost ~]# blkid -L "my data"
/dev/sdb1

2. e2label

管理ext系列文件系统的LABEL
            # e2label DEVICE [LABEL]

[root@localhost ~]# e2label /dev/sdb1 "my data"
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="c8b3a3a6-77fb-49a4-ad19-8afa038777db" TYPE="ext4" LABEL="my data" 

3. tune2fs

重新设定ext系列文件系统可调整参数的值
            -l：查看指定文件系统超级块信息；super block
            -L 'LABEL'：修改卷标
            -m #：修预留给管理员的空间百分比
            -j: 将ext2升级为ext3
            -O: 文件系统属性启用或禁用
            -o: 调整文件系统的默认挂载选项
            -U UUID: 修改UUID号；

4. dumpe2fs

            -h：查看超级块信息

[root@localhost ~]# dumpe2fs -h  /dev/sda1
dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem volume name:   <none>
Last mounted on:          /boot
Filesystem UUID:          76ed89c0-305c-45e9-aec2-7734ed87b1e3
Filesystem magic number:  0xEF53
Filesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags:         signed_directory_hash 
Default mount options:    user_xattr acl
Filesystem state:         clean
Errors behavior:          Continue
Filesystem OS type:       Linux
Inode count:              76912
Block count:              307200
Reserved block count:     15360
Free blocks:              263953
Free inodes:              76874
First block:              1
Block size:               1024
Fragment size:            1024
Reserved GDT blocks:      256
Blocks per group:         8192
Fragments per group:      8192
Inodes per group:         2024
Inode blocks per group:   253
Flex block group size:    16
Filesystem created:       Wed May 18 10:02:15 2016
Last mount time:          Fri Jun 10 23:14:27 2016
Last write time:          Fri Jun 10 23:14:27 2016
Mount count:              7
Maximum mount count:      -1
Last checked:             Wed May 18 10:02:15 2016
Check interval:           0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes:          88 MB
Reserved blocks uid:      0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid:      0 (group root)
First inode:              11
Inode size:           128
Journal inode:            8
Default directory hash:   half_md4
Directory Hash Seed:      4bd39238-646d-4230-87d2-8f5447b4d6e6
Journal backup:           inode blocks
Journal features:         (none)
Journal size:             8M
Journal length:           8192
Journal sequence:         0x0000003a
Journal start:            1

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文件系统检测

1. fsck

File System Check
            fsck.FS_TYPE
            fsck -t FS_TYPE
                -a: 自动修复错误
                -r: 交互式修复错误
                Note: FS_TYPE一定要与分区上已经文件类型相同；


[root@localhost ~]# fsck /dev/sdb9
fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/dev/sdb9: clean, 11/28112 files, 9201/112420 blocks
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb9 /tmp
[root@localhost ~]# fsck /dev/sdb9
fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/dev/sdb9 is mounted.
e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.

检测时，需要取消使用，不然报错

2. e2fsck

ext系列文件专用的检测修复工具
            -y：自动回答为yes; 
            -f：强制修复；