cpp结构体

结构体

1.定义和使用

用户自定义的数据结构
struct Student {string name; int age; float score;};
具体创建三法：
1.struct Student s1; s1.name = zhangsan ; s1.age = 8; s1.score = 99;
2.struct Student s2 = {liming,8,99}
3.定义结构体顺便创建struct Student {string name; int age; float score;}s3;
struct在创建时可省略，定义时不可省略。

2.结构体数组

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
struct student {
    string name;
    int age;
    float score;
 };
int main() {
    student arr[3] = {
        {"liming",17,60},{"zhanghua",16,87},{"chenshu",18,98}
    };
    cout << arr[2].name << endl;
}

3.结构体指针

->

using namespace std;
#include<string>
struct student {
    string name;
    int age;
    float score;
 };
int main() {
    student s = { "liming",17,87 };
    (struct) student* p = &s;
    cout << p->age << endl;
}

4.嵌套结构体

using namespace std;
#include<string>

struct student {
	string name;
	int age;
	float score;
};
struct teacher {
	int id;
	string name;
	int age;
	struct student stu;
};

int main() {
	teacher t;
	t.id = 10086;
	t.name = "Huang wuchang";
	t.stu.name = "liming";
	s.stu.age = 20;
	t.stu.score = 60;	
}

5.结构体做函数参数

值传递和地址传递

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>

struct student {
	string name;
	int age;
	float score;
};

void printStudent1(struct student s) {
	s.age = 100;
	cout << " 姓名：" << s.name << "  年龄：" << s.age << "  分数：" << s.score << endl;
}

void printStudent2(struct student* p) {
	p->age = 200;
	cout<< "地址访问" << endl;
	cout << " 姓名：" << p->name << "  年龄：" << p->age << "  分数：" << p->score << endl;
}

int main() {
	student s;
	s.name = "liming";
	s.age = 18;
	s.score = 60;

	printStudent1(s);
	//printStudent2(&s);//地址访问 
	cout << s.age;
}

6.const使用场景

using namespace std;
#include<string>

struct student {
	string name;
	int age;
	float score;
};

void printStudent(const student *s) {
	s->age = 150;//const不能再做操作
	cout << " 姓名：" << s->name << "  年龄：" << s->age << "  分数：" << s->score << endl;
}



int main() {

	student s = { "liming",17,60 };

	printStudent(&s);
	
}//会报错

7.实例

1:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>

struct student {
	string name;
	float score;
};
struct teacher {
	string name;
	struct student sArray[5];
};
void allocateSpace(struct teacher tArray[],int len) {
	string nameSeed = "ABCDE";
	for (int i = 0; i<len; i++) {
		tArray[i].name = "Teacher";
		tArray[i].name += nameSeed[i];
		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
			tArray[i].sArray[j].name = "student_";
			tArray[i].sArray[j].name += nameSeed[j];
			int random = rand() % 60 + 50;//0~59 + 40
			tArray[i].sArray[j].score = random;
		}		 
	}
}
void printInfo(struct teacher tArray[], int len) {
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		cout << "老师姓名：" << tArray[i].name<<endl;
		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
			cout << "\t学生姓名：" << tArray[i].sArray[j].name << " 学生分数：" << tArray[i].sArray[j].score << endl;
		}
	}
}
int main() {
	//三名老师，每个老师带三个学生
	//随机数种子
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	teacher tArray[3];
	int l = sizeof(tArray) / sizeof(tArray[0]);
	allocateSpace(tArray, l);
	printInfo(tArray, l);
}

2:按年龄升序

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>

struct hero {
	string name;
	int age;
	string sex;
};

void bubbleSort(hero heroArray[], int l) {
	for(int i = 0; i < l-1; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < l - i - 1; j++) {
			if (heroArray[j].age > heroArray[j + 1].age) {
				struct hero temp = heroArray[j];
				heroArray[j] = heroArray[j + 1];
				heroArray[j + 1] = temp;
			}
		}
	}
}

void printHero(hero heroArray[], int l) {
	for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) {
		cout << "名字：" << heroArray[i].name << " 年龄：" << heroArray[i].age << " 性别：" << heroArray[i].sex << endl;
	};
}

int main() {
	hero heroArray[5] = {
		{"貂蝉",19,"女"},
		{"赵云",21,"男"},
		{"张飞",20,"男"},
		{"关羽",22,"男"},
		{"刘备",23,"男"}
	};
	int l = sizeof(heroArray) / sizeof(heroArray[0]);
	printHero(heroArray, l);
	bubbleSort(heroArray, l);
	cout << endl;
	printHero(heroArray, l);
}