STL基础和容器测试

STL六大部件:

容器(Containear)、分配器(Allocators)、算法(Algorithm)、

迭代器(Iterators)、适配器(Adapters)、仿函数(Functors)

OOP与GP

  • Containers和Algorithm团队可以各自闭门造车,期间以Iterator沟通即可。
  • Algorithms通过Iterators确定操作范围,并通过Iterators取用Containers中的元素。

所有算法,其内最终涉及元素本身的操作,无非就是比较大小

涉及基础:

1)操作符重载

2)类模板、函数模板,特化,偏特化

容器之分类与各种测试:

1)Array测试

//测试程序之辅助函数
#include <array>
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime> 
#include <cstdlib> //qsort, bsearch, NULL
using namespace std;
const long ASIZE = 100000L;

long get_a_target_long()
{
	long target = 0;

	cout << "target (0~" << RAND_MAX << "): ";
	cin >> target;
	return target;
}
string get_a_target_string()
{
	long target = 0;
	char buf[10];

	cout << "target (0~" << RAND_MAX << "): ";
	cin >> target;
	snprintf(buf, 10, "%l", target);
	return string(buf);
}
int compareLongs(const void* a, const void* b)
{
	return (*(long*)a - *(long*)b);
}
int compareStrings(const void* a, const void* b)
{
	if (*(string*)a > *(string*)b)
		return 1;
	else if (*(string*)a < *(string*)b)
		return -1;
	else
		return 0;
}
void test_array()
{
	cout << "\ntest_array().......... \n";
	array<long, ASIZE> c;
	clock_t timeStart = clock();
	for (long i = 0; i < ASIZE; ++i)
		c[i] = rand();

	cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << "ms." << endl;
	cout << "array.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
	cout << "array.front()= " << c.front() << endl;
	cout << "array.back()= " << c.back() << endl;
	cout << "array.data()= " << c.data() << endl;

	long target = get_a_target_long();

	timeStart = clock();
	::qsort(c.data(), ASIZE, sizeof(long), compareLongs);
	long* pItem = (long*)::bsearch(&target, (c.data()), ASIZE, sizeof(long), compareLongs);
	cout << "qsort()+bsearch(), milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << "ms." << endl;
	if (pItem != NULL)
		cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
	else
		cout << "not found! " << endl;
}
int main()
{
	test_array();
	return 0;
}

2)Vector测试

每次扩充一倍,可能会造成空间浪费

//测试程序之辅助函数
#include <array>
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime> 
#include <cstdlib> //qsort, bsearch, NULL
#include<vector>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

void test_vector(long& value)
{
	cout << "\ntest_vector().......... \n";

	vector<string> c;
	char buf[10];

	clock_t timeStart = clock();
	for (long i = 0; i< value; ++i)
	{
		try {
			snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
			c.push_back(string(buf));
		}
		catch (exception& p) {
			cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
			//曾經最高 i=58389486 then std::bad_alloc
			abort();
		}
	}
	cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;
	cout << "vector.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl;	//1073747823
	cout << "vector.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
	cout << "vector.front()= " << c.front() << endl;
	cout << "vector.back()= " << c.back() << endl;
	cout << "vector.data()= " << c.data() << endl;
	cout << "vector.capacity()= " << c.capacity() << endl << endl;

	string target = get_a_target_string();
	{
		timeStart = clock();
		auto pItem = find(c.begin(), c.end(), target);  //C++标准库函数,循序查找
		cout << "std::find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;

		if (pItem != c.end())
			cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl << endl;
		else
			cout << "not found! " << endl << endl;
	}	
	{
		timeStart = clock();
		sort(c.begin(), c.end());  //C++标准库函数
		cout << "sort(), milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;

		timeStart = clock();
		//C函数,二分查找,速度快,但是要先sort
		string* pItem = (string*)::bsearch(&target, (c.data()), c.size(), sizeof(string), compareStrings);
		cout << "bsearch(), milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;

		if (pItem != NULL)
			cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl << endl;
		else
			cout << "not found! " << endl << endl;
	}
	c.clear();
}

int main()
{
	long a = 1000000;
	test_vector(a);
	return 0;
}

3)List

void test_list(long& value)
{
	cout << "\ntest_list().......... \n";

	list<string> c;
	char buf[10];

	clock_t timeStart = clock();
	for (long i = 0; i < value; ++i)
	{
		try {
			snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
			c.push_back(string(buf));
		}
		catch (exception& p) {
			cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
			abort();
		}
	}
	cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;
	cout << "list.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
	cout << "list.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl;    
	cout << "list.front()= " << c.front() << endl;
	cout << "list.back()= " << c.back() << endl;

	string target = get_a_target_string();
	timeStart = clock();
	auto pItem = find(c.begin(), c.end(), target);
	cout << "std::find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;

	if (pItem != c.end())
		cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
	else
		cout << "not found! " << endl;

	timeStart = clock();
	c.sort();    //容器本身的sort
	cout << "c.sort(), milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;

	c.clear();
}
	
int main()
{
	long a = 1000000;
	test_list(a);
	return 0;
}

4)forward_list

void test_forward_list(long& value)
{
	cout << "\ntest_forward_list().......... \n";

	forward_list<string> c;
	char buf[10];

	clock_t timeStart = clock();
	for (long i = 0; i< value; ++i)
	{
		try {
			snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
			c.push_front(string(buf));
		}
		catch (exception& p) {
			cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
			abort();
		}
	}
	cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;
	cout << "forward_list.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl;  
	cout << "forward_list.front()= " << c.front() << endl;

	string target = get_a_target_string();
	timeStart = clock();
	auto pItem = find(c.begin(), c.end(), target);
	cout << "std::find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;

	if (pItem != c.end())
		cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
	else
		cout << "not found! " << endl;

	timeStart = clock();
	c.sort();
	cout << "c.sort(), milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;

	c.clear();
}	
int main()
{
	long a = 1000000;
	test_forward_list(a);
	return 0;
}

5)deque,没有自己的sort函数

void test_deque(long& value)
{
	cout << "\ntest_deque().......... \n";

	deque<string> c;
	char buf[10];

	clock_t timeStart = clock();
	for (long i = 0; i< value; ++i)
	{
		try {
			snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
			c.push_back(string(buf));
		}
		catch (exception& p) {
			cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
			abort();
		}
	}
	cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;
	cout << "deque.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
	cout << "deque.front()= " << c.front() << endl;
	cout << "deque.back()= " << c.back() << endl;
	cout << "deque.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl;	//1073741821	

	string target = get_a_target_string();
	timeStart = clock();
	auto pItem = find(c.begin(), c.end(), target);
	cout << "std::find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;

	if (pItem != c.end())
		cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
	else
		cout << "not found! " << endl;

	timeStart = clock();
	sort(c.begin(), c.end());
	cout << "sort(), milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;

	c.clear();
}
int main()
{
	long a = 1000000;
	test_deque(a);
	return 0;
}

6)stack

没有自己的数据结构,由deque实现,有人称之为Adapter而不是容器

void test_stack(long& value)
{
	cout << "\ntest_stack().......... \n";

	stack<string> c;
	char buf[10];

	clock_t timeStart = clock();
	for (long i = 0; i < value; ++i)
	{
		try {
			snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
			c.push(string(buf));
		}
		catch (exception& p) {
			cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
			abort();
		}
	}
	cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;
	cout << "stack.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
	cout << "stack.top()= " << c.top() << endl;
	c.pop();
	cout << "stack.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
	cout << "stack.top()= " << c.top() << endl;
}

7)queue

void test_queue(long& value)
{
	cout << "\ntest_queue().......... \n";

	queue<string> c;
	char buf[10];

	clock_t timeStart = clock();
	for (long i = 0; i < value; ++i)
	{
		try {
			snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
			c.push(string(buf));
		}
		catch (exception& p) {
			cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
			abort();
		}
	}
	cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;
	cout << "queue.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
	cout << "queue.front()= " << c.front() << endl;
	cout << "queue.back()= " << c.back() << endl;
	c.pop();
	cout << "queue.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
	cout << "queue.front()= " << c.front() << endl;
	cout << "queue.back()= " << c.back() << endl;
}

8)MultiSet

void test_multiset(long& value)
{
	cout << "\ntest_multiset().......... \n";

	multiset<string> c;
	char buf[10];
	clock_t timeStart = clock();
	for (long i = 0; i< value; ++i)
	{
		try {
			snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
			c.insert(string(buf));
		}
		catch (exception& p) {
			cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
			abort();
		}
	}
	cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;
	cout << "multiset.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
	cout << "multiset.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl;	//214748364

	string target = get_a_target_string();
	{
		timeStart = clock();
		auto pItem = find(c.begin(), c.end(), target);	//比 c.find(...) 慢很多	
		cout << "std::find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;
		if (pItem != c.end())
			cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
		else
			cout << "not found! " << endl;
	}

	{
		timeStart = clock();
		auto pItem = c.find(target);		//比 std::find(...) 快很多							
		cout << "c.find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;
		if (pItem != c.end())
			cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
		else
			cout << "not found! " << endl;
	}

	c.clear();
}

9)multimap

void test_multimap(long& value)
{
	cout << "\ntest_multimap().......... \n";

	multimap<long, string> c;
	char buf[10];

	clock_t timeStart = clock();
	for (long i = 0; i< value; ++i)
	{
		try {
			snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
			//multimap 不可使用 [] 做 insertion 
			c.insert(pair<long, string>(i, buf));
		}
		catch (exception& p) {
			cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
			abort();
		}
	}
	cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;
	cout << "multimap.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
	cout << "multimap.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl;	//178956970	

	long target = get_a_target_long();
	timeStart = clock();
	auto pItem = c.find(target);
	cout << "c.find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;
	if (pItem != c.end())
	{
		cout << "found, value=";
		//cout << (*pItem).second << endl;
	}
	else
		cout << "not found! " << endl;

	c.clear();
}

10)unordered_set

void test_unordered_multiset(long& value)
{
	cout << "\ntest_unordered_multiset().......... \n";

	unordered_multiset<string> c;
	char buf[10];

	clock_t timeStart = clock();
	for (long i = 0; i< value; ++i)
	{
		try {
			snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
			c.insert(string(buf));
		}
		catch (exception& p) {
			cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
			abort();
		}
	}
	cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock() - timeStart) << endl;
	cout << "unordered_multiset.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
	cout << "unordered_multiset.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl;	//357913941
	cout << "unordered_multiset.bucket_count()= " << c.bucket_count() << endl;
	cout << "unordered_multiset.load_factor()= " << c.load_factor() << endl;
	cout << "unordered_multiset.max_load_factor()= " << c.max_load_factor() << endl;
	cout << "unordered_multiset.max_bucket_count()= " << c.max_bucket_count() << endl;
	for (unsigned i = 0; i< 20; ++i) {
		cout << "bucket #" << i << " has " << c.bucket_size(i) << " elements.\n";
	}
	c.clear();
}

 

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