接着上一篇继续并发包的学习,本篇说明的是Callable和Future,它俩很有意思的,一个产生结果,一个拿到结果。
Callable接口类似于Runnable,从名字就可以看出来了,但是Runnable不会返回结果,并且无法抛出返回结果的异常,而Callable功能更强大一些,被线程执行后,可以返回值,这个返回值可以被Future拿到,也就是说,Future可以拿到异步执行任务的返回值,下面来看一个简单的例子:
- public class CallableAndFuture {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Callable<Integer> callable = new Callable<Integer>() {
- public Integer call() throws Exception {
- return new Random().nextInt(100);
- }
- };
- FutureTask<Integer> future = new FutureTask<Integer>(callable);
- new Thread(future).start();
- try {
- Thread.sleep(5000);// 可能做一些事情
- System.out.println(future.get());
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ExecutionException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
下面来看另一种方式使用Callable和Future,通过ExecutorService的submit方法执行Callable,并返回Future,代码如下:
- public class CallableAndFuture {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
- Future<Integer> future = threadPool.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
- public Integer call() throws Exception {
- return new Random().nextInt(100);
- }
- });
- try {
- Thread.sleep(5000);// 可能做一些事情
- System.out.println(future.get());
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ExecutionException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
执行多个带返回值的任务,并取得多个返回值,代码如下:
- public class CallableAndFuture {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- CompletionService<Integer> cs = new ExecutorCompletionService<Integer>(threadPool);
- for(int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
- final int taskID = i;
- cs.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
- public Integer call() throws Exception {
- return taskID;
- }
- });
- }
- // 可能做一些事情
- for(int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
- try {
- System.out.println(cs.take().get());
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ExecutionException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }