[C++]Stack with Template

Stack with Template

Description:

Requirement:

In this assignment, you are required to finish the Stack with Template. Please modify class Stack’s declaration and definition so as to finish the validation from main.cpp

Attention: please use template you have learned in the class to finish this assignment and DON NOT add and modify any memeber function and member variable.

Warning:

1. Do not use Stack in STL.

2. Do not use array of Node to finish the definition of some function.
   Extra:

The Stack’s declaration with element type “int” is below:

class Stack { public: Stack() ;

Stack(const Stack &stack);

~Stack();

bool empty();

size_t size() const;

int top() const;

void push(int element);

void pop();

void swap(Stack& stack);

void reverse(); /*reverse the elements' order in the stack*/

void clear();

private:
struct Node {
int element;
Node* next;
Node(int ele, Node *n = NULL) {
element = ele;
next = n;
}
};
Node *top_node;
size_t node_num;
};

Analysis:
This question has some important knowledge point which needs be cared, like swap, reverse, construct procedure and so on. It is neccessary to be familiar with that codes.

answer:

#include<iostream>
#include<cstddef>
using namespace std;

template <typename ElementType>
class Stack {
    public:
        Stack() {
            top_node = NULL;
            node_num = 0;
        }

        Stack(const Stack<ElementType> &stack) {
            if (this == &stack) return;
            top_node = NULL;
            node_num = 0;
            if (stack.top_node == NULL) return;

            Node *copy_temp = stack.top_node;
            Node *top_temp = NULL;
            while (copy_temp) {
                if (top_temp == NULL) {
                    top_node = new Node(copy_temp->element);
                    top_temp = top_node;
                } else {
                    top_node->next = new Node(copy_temp->element);
                    top_node = top_node->next;
                }
                copy_temp = copy_temp->next;
            }
            top_node = top_temp;
            node_num = stack.node_num;
        }

        ~Stack() {
            clear();
        }

        bool empty() {
            return (node_num == 0);
        }

        size_t size() const {
            return node_num;
        }

        ElementType top() const {
            return top_node->element;
        }

        void push(ElementType element) {
            if (top_node == NULL) {
                top_node = new Node(element);
            } else {
                Node*temp = new Node(element, top_node);
                top_node = temp;
            }
            ++node_num;
        }

        void pop() {
            if (top_node == NULL) return;
            Node *temp = top_node;
            top_node = top_node->next;
            delete temp;
            --node_num;
        }

        void swap(Stack<ElementType>& stack) {
        // swap the pointer is much easier!!!
            Node* temp = top_node;
            top_node = stack.top_node;
            stack.top_node = temp;
            size_t temp_num = node_num;
            node_num = stack.node_num;
            stack.node_num = temp_num;
        }

        void reverse() {
            if (node_num <= 1) return;

            Stack<ElementType> temp;
            while (!empty()) {
                temp.push(top());
                pop();
            }
            swap(temp);
        }

        void clear() {
            while (!empty()) pop();
        }

    private:
        struct Node {
            ElementType element;
            Node* next;
            Node(ElementType ele, Node *n = NULL) {
                element = ele;
                next = n;
            }
        };
        Node *top_node;
        size_t node_num;
};

Test:

#include <iostream>
#include "Stack.h"
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <exception>

using namespace std;

class STLForbidden : public exception {
  virtual const char *what() const throw() {
    return "Please do not use std::sort or std::list or std::vector .....";
  }
};

class Job {
    public:
        explicit Job(int pri = 0) {
            id = number++;
            priority = pri;
        }
        string toString() {
            stringstream ss;
            ss << "[" << id << ":" << priority << "]";
            return ss.str();
        }
    private:
        static int number;
        int id;
        int priority;
};

int Job::number = 0;

template<typename T>
void print(Stack<T> stack) {
    while (!stack.empty()) {
        cout << stack.top() << " ";
        stack.pop();
    }
    cout << endl;
}

int main() {

// ignore it
#if defined(_GLIBCXX_ALGORITHM) || defined(_GLIBCXX_LIST) || \
    defined(_GLIBCXX_VECTOR) || defined(_GLIBCXX_DEQUE) || \
    defined(_GLIBCXX_STACK)
    // throw AlgorithmnForbidden();
    throw STLForbidden();
#endif

    // testing -> integer..
    Stack<int> stk;
    int m, n;
    cin >> m >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) stk.push(i + 0.01);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) stk.pop();

    Stack<int> stk0(stk);

    if (!stk.empty()) cout << stk.top() << endl;
    cout << "The size is: " << stk.size() << endl;
    if (stk.empty()) cout << "The stack is empty!" << endl;
    else cout << "The stack is NOT empty!" << endl;

    // testing -> Stack(const &stack);
    if (!stk0.empty()) cout << "The top of Stack is: " << stk0.top() << endl;
    cout << "The size is: " << stk0.size() << endl;
    print(stk0);
    if (!stk0.empty()) cout << "The top of Stack is: " << stk0.top() << endl;
    cout << "The size is: " << stk0.size() << endl;

    // testing -> reverse()
    stk0.reverse();
    cout << "Result of reversing is: ";
    print(stk0);

    // testing -> double..
    Stack<double> stk1;
    cin >> m >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) stk1.push(i + 0.01);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) stk1.pop();
    if (!stk1.empty()) cout << stk1.top() << endl;

    cout << "The size is: " << stk1.size() << endl;
    stk1.clear();
    cout << "The size is: " << stk1.size() << endl;

    if (stk1.empty()) cout << "The stack is empty!" << endl;
    else cout << "The stack is NOT empty!" << endl;

    // testing -> user defined class..
    cin >> m >> n;
    Stack<Job> stk2;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) stk2.push(Job(i));
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) stk2.pop();

    if (!stk2.empty()) cout << stk2.top().toString() << endl;
    cout << "The size is: " << stk2.size() << endl;
    if (stk2.empty()) cout << "The stack is empty!" << endl;
    else cout << "The stack is NOT empty!" << endl;

    // testing -> swap function..
    Stack<int> stk3, stk4;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) stk3.push(i);
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) stk4.push(m - i);

    cout << "Before swap...." << endl;
    print(stk3);
    print(stk4);

    stk3.swap(stk4);

    cout << "After swap...." << endl;
    print(stk3);
    print(stk4);
}