IntentService源码分析

概述

Service是在主线程中，因此不应该在Service中直接处理耗时的任务，一般我们要在Service中开启一个子线程去执行耗时操作。

IntentService是Service的子类，比普通的Service多了一个额外的功能，就是会创建独立的worker线程来处理所有的Intent请求。

源码分析

首先来看onCreate()：

    public void onCreate() {
        // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
        // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
        // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.

        super.onCreate();
        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
        thread.start();

        mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
        mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
    }

这里创建了一个HandlerThread，HandlerThread就是一个自带Looper的线程，具体可以参考HandlerThread源码分析。

然后为这个HandlerThread创建了一个处理消息的ServiceHandler，ServiceHandler是Hanlder的子类：

    private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
        public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
            stopSelf(msg.arg1);
        }
    }

它接到消息的时候就把消息放入一个任务队列，然后去调用onHandleIntent()，把所有的任务处理完，最后再调用stopSelf()关闭自己。

来看onHandleIntent()：

    /**
     * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
     * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
     * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
     * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
     * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
     * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
     * so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.
     *
     * @param intent The value passed to {@link
     *               android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
     *               This may be null if the service is being restarted after
     *               its process has gone away; see
     *               {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand}
     *               for details.
     */
    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent);

以上注释的意思是当某个请求需要处理时，这个方法会在工作线程被调用，一次仅仅会有一个请求被处理，但是处理过程会运行在工作者线程(独立于其他应用程序逻辑运行)。因此，如果某段代码需要执行很长时间，它会阻塞住其他提交到该IntentService的请求，但是不会阻塞住其他任何东西。当所有的请求被处理完成之后，IntentService会停止它自身，因此你不应该手动调用stopSelf()方法。

如果有多个任务的时候，stopSelf(int startId)中会去判断这个startId是否是最新的，如果是最新的就停止Service，如果不是，肯定是因为又新加入了任务，这个时候就不停止。

• 补充：stopSelf()其实就是stopSelf(-1)，这就直接停止了。

我们还能看到在IntentService的onDestroy()中退出了工作线程：

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        mServiceLooper.quit();
    }

那消息是怎么传递给IntentService的呢，我们看到onStart()：

    @Override
    public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) {
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId;
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

当startService()之后，onStart()会被调用，这个可以参考【Android】Service的生命周期。
我们看到onStart()中利用mServiceHandler以消息的形式向创建的子线程发送了传递进来的Intent。

到这里一切都明白了。

下面来看一个demo，
TestIntentServiceActivity：

public class TestIntentServiceActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_test_intent_service);
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            startService(new Intent(TestIntentServiceActivity.this, MyIntentService.class));
        }
    }
}

MyIntentService：

public class MyIntentService extends IntentService {
    public static final String TAG = "MyIntentService";

    public MyIntentService() {
        super("MyIntentService");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            SystemClock.sleep(50);
            Log.d(TAG, Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);
        }
        Log.d(TAG, Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  " );
    }
}

运行起来之后，Log的结果是这样的：

08-31 12:49:58.416 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 0
08-31 12:49:58.467 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 1
08-31 12:49:58.519 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 2
08-31 12:49:58.570 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 3
08-31 12:49:58.621 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 4
08-31 12:49:58.621 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService]  
08-31 12:49:58.704 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 0
08-31 12:49:58.755 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 1
08-31 12:49:58.806 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 2
08-31 12:49:58.857 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 3
08-31 12:49:58.909 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 4
08-31 12:49:58.909 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService]  
08-31 12:49:58.962 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 0
08-31 12:49:59.013 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 1
08-31 12:49:59.064 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 2
08-31 12:49:59.116 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 3
08-31 12:49:59.169 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 4
08-31 12:49:59.169 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService]  
08-31 12:49:59.221 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 0
08-31 12:49:59.272 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 1
08-31 12:49:59.322 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 2
08-31 12:49:59.375 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 3
08-31 12:49:59.426 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 4
08-31 12:49:59.426 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService]  
08-31 12:49:59.479 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 0
08-31 12:49:59.531 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 1
08-31 12:49:59.582 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 2
08-31 12:49:59.632 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 3
08-31 12:49:59.685 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService] 4
08-31 12:49:59.685 2839-2894/com.example.tsnt D/MyIntentService: IntentService[MyIntentService]  

完全符合我们以上的分析。

最后有一点注意，IntentService 源码中的 onBind() 默认返回 null；不适合 bindService() 启动服务，如果你执意要 bindService() 来启动 IntentService，可能因为你想通过 Binder 或 Messenger 使得 IntentService 和 Activity 可以通信，这样那么 onHandleIntent() 不会被回调，相当于在你使用 Service 而不是 IntentService。

参考：
1.IntentService 示例与详解
2.Android理解：IntentService
3.Android：IntentService的使用
4.IntentService使用