范德蒙德卷积 ∑ i = 0 k C n i C m k − i = C n + m k \begin{aligned} \sum_{i = 0}^{k}C_{n}^{i}C_{m}^{k-i} = C_{n+m}^{k} \end{aligned} i=0∑kCniCmk−i=Cn+mk