virtio-gpu

软件环境:ubuntu20.04 aosp
硬件环境:x86 PC
目标:在host ubuntu20.04启动支持图形(by virtio-gpu)的Ubuntu20.04或Android虚拟机

1 说明

  • 本文搭建基于QEMU-KVM(或Crosvm-KVM)的虚拟化平台,启动Ubuntu20.04虚拟机(或Android虚拟机),支持mesa-virgl 3D加速环境,并对2D、3D流程简单分析。

1.1 virtio-gpu概述

  • 概述
    VIRTIO设备的行为与普通PCI设备一样。有一个配置空间、一些专用内存和中断。第二个非常重要的一点,VirtIO设备与用作FIFO 队列的ring buffer通信。该设备完全在QEMU中模拟,可以通过在来宾和主机之间共享公共页面来实现DMA传输。
  • 通信队列
    在virtio-gpu 上,有 2 个VQ队列。一个专用于cursor,另一个专用于ctrl。要在队列中发送命令,流程这样的:
guest:在host上分配页面
guest:发送一个header和在环形缓冲区中的物理页面(guest POV)的pointers。
guest:发送中断
VMExit
host:QEMU 读取header and pointers。转换地址以匹配本地虚拟地址范围。
host:读取命令,执行
host:写回环形缓冲区
host:发送中断
guest:处理中断,读取环形缓冲区并处理应答

在这里插入图片描述

  • 分类
    目前基于Virtio-gpu有3种实现,2D,3D(virgl,gfxstream),其中2D谷歌也称做swiftshader,qemu支持2D和virgl 3D;crosvm支持swiftshader,virgl,gfxstream
  • Virgl
    VirGL 可以概括为一个简单的状态机,跟踪资源并将命令缓冲区转换为一系列 OpenGL 调用。它公开了两种命令: 2D 和 3D。
    2D命令。主要集中在资源管理上。我们可以通过创建 2D 资源在主机上分配内存。然后通过将此资源的内存区域链接到访客的物理页面来初始化 DMA 传输。为了简化客户机上应用程序之间的资源管理,VirGL 还添加了一个简单的上下文功能。资源创建是全局的,但要使用它们,您必须将它们附加到上下文中。
    3D 命令。这些与我们在Vulkan等API中可以找到的内容很接近。可以设置viewport, scissor state, 创建VBO和绘制,同时也支持着色器。首先需要将它们转换为 TGSI,一种类似汇编的表示。一旦到主机上,它们将被重新转换为GLSL并发送到OpenGL。

2 安装编译

2.1 依赖编译

  • 依赖
#pip3 meson等依赖
sudo apt install python3-pip
sudo pip3 install meson
sudo apt install libegl-dev libglvnd-dev libgbm1 libgbm-dev mesa-utils llvm llvm-9-dev libpciaccess-dev libwayland-egl-backend-dev ninja-build libx11-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libdrm-dev cmake
  • libepoxy. qemu用于打开open渲染库
#libepoxy库
git clone https://github.com/anholt/libepoxy.git
cd libepoxy
mkdir build && cd build && meson .. && meson install && cd ..
  • virglrenderer. qemu用于转换galiinum中间TGSI指令转换为GLSL
#virglrenderer
git clone https://github.com/freedesktop/virglrenderer.git
cd virglrenderer
#将meson.build -> project -> buildtype修改为debug后,gdb调试可看见行号
mkdir build && cd build && meson .. && meson install && cd ..
  • mesa-drm. mesa的依赖
#mesa-drm.
git clone https://github.com/freedesktop/mesa-drm.git
cd mesa-drm 
mkdir build && meson build/ && ninja -C build install 
  • mesa. 用于host提供opengl实现
glxinfo |grep renderer
#如果显示renderer string使用 llvmpipe,说明是软件渲染,一般是ssh环境下
#如果renderer string使用Intel/SVGA3D,说明3D驱动安装正确,硬件渲染
#如果renderer string使用virgl,说明Guest virgl 3D加速OK

#安装meson等依赖
sudo apt install python3-pip
sudo pip3 install meson mako
sudo apt-get install -y libegl-dev libglvnd-dev libgbm1 libgbm-dev mesa-utils llvm-11 llvm-11-dev libpciaccess-dev libwayland-egl-backend-dev ninja-build libx11-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libdrm-dev cmake libelf-dev libbison-dev flex libxrandr-dev valgrind libunwind-dev wayland-scanner++ libwayland-bin libwayland-dev libxdamage-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-dri2-0-dev libxcb-dri3-dev libxcb-present-dev libxshmfence-dev libxxf86vm-dev libelf-dev libwayland-dev wayland-protocols libxdamage-dev libxdamage-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-dri2-0-dev libxcb-dri3-dev libxcb-present-dev libxshmfence-dev libxxf86vm-dev libxrandr-dev glslang-tools  
#mesa源码包下载:https://archive.mesa3d.org//;官方文档:https://docs.mesa3d.org/install.html
git clone https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa.git
或者
wget https://archive.mesa3d.org//mesa-21.2.6.tar.xz
xz -d mesa-21.2.6.tar.xz
tar xvf mesa-21.2.6.tar
cd mesa-21.2.6
meson builddir/ 
ninja -C builddir/
sudo ninja -C builddir/ install

2.2 编译qemu

  • qemu. 编译qemu才能用于GDB调试。qemu 4.2.1能使能,6.1打不开virgl
git clone https://github.com/qemu/qemu.git
git checkout remotes/origin/stable-4.2   #4.2版本virgl使能成功
#git checkout remotes/origin/stable-6.1  #6.1版本virgl无法使能
sudo apt install libglib2.0-dev libpixman-1-dev libgtk-3-dev        #安装qemu依赖 
./configure --enable-kvm --enable-debug --enable-gtk --target-list=x86_64-softmmu --enable-virglrenderer --enable-opengl #开启gtk,virgl,opengl等
make -j 4
#make install #可选,更建议如下,把qemu文件拷贝出来运行
cp pc-bios/* /virgl-3d-ubuntu/qemu 
cp /virgl-3d-ubuntu/qemu 

3 创建虚拟机

3.1 创建VM

#制作Ubuntu镜像
qemu-img create -q -f qcow2 ubuntu.img 10G
#获取ubuntu iso
wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/20.04/ubuntu-20.04-live-server-amd64.iso
#安装iso镜像到ubuntu.img
qemu-system-x86_64 --enable-kvm -m 1024 -smp 2  -boot d -hda ubuntu.img -cdrom ubuntu-20.04-live-server-amd64.iso
#运行vm. qemu 4.2.1报错; 5.3,6.1.1只能启动2D,virgl没打开
qemu-system-x86_64 --enable-kvm -m 1024 -smp 1 -serial stdio -device virtio-gpu -display gtk,gl=on ubuntu.img -D qemu_log.txt
#运行vm. qemu 4.2.1可以开启virgl; 6.1.1只能启动2D,virgl没打开
qemu-system-x86_64 --enable-kvm -m 1024 -smp 1 -serial stdio -vga virtio -display gtk,gl=on ubuntu.img -D qemu_log.txt
  • 如下图为虚拟机drm日志显示virgl 3D加速已开始
    在这里插入图片描述

3.2 VM查看

lspci #查看virtio-gpu设备00:02.0, Vendor ID:1af4, Device ID:1050(modern)

在这里插入图片描述在这里插入图片描述

#如果进入命令行(可能安装ubuntu时没有选图形),安装图形包,重启后可见VM ubuntu图形界面
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
lshw -c video
dmesg | grep drm #查看virtio-gpu是否支持3D加速
glxinfo | grep renderer #查看mesa renderer是否virgl
glmarks2

4 VIRTIO-GPU分析

4.1 概述

  • virti-gpu 3D架构如下
    在这里插入图片描述
  • Guest Ioctl. 架构的最上层是Guest系统里的应用程序(如mesa3d,minigbm等通过libdrm调用),libdrm通过设备节点(例如:/dev/dri/renderDxxx)与内核驱动通信。DRM_VIRTIO_GPU驱动支持多种命令,下面列举了最常用到的几种请求命令:
命令说明
VIRTGPU_GET_CAPS获取GPU的能力信息
VIRTGPU_GETPARAM获取GPU的特性信息
VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATE创建resource
VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_INFO获取resource信息
VIRTGPU_MAP映射资源到用户空间(零拷贝)
VIRTGPU_EXECBUFFER向GPU发送命令
VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_FROM_HOST从GPU中读取数据
VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_TO_HOST向GPU写入数据
  • vring. 作为前端驱动和后端设备通信的桥梁。前端virtio-gpu驱动使用virtio_gpu_queue_ctrl_buffer()和virtio_gpu_queue_cursor()通过vring与后端进行通信。这两个函数分别向GPU发送控制请求和光标请求。对应地,virtioio-gpu后端中virtio_gpu_ctrl_bh()和virtio_gpu_cursor_bh()分别处理这两个请求。
/* virtio-gpu device */
virtio_gpu_ctrl_bh()
|-> virtio_gpu_handle_ctrl()
    |-> virtio_gpu_process_cmdq()
        | /* 2D */
        |-> virtio_gpu_simple_process_cmd()
        | /* 3D */
        |-> virtio_gpu_virgl_process_cmd()
  • virtio-gpu device. 作为消费者,virtio-gpu后端virtio_gpu_process_cmdq()从vring队列中读取请求数据。如果支持3D特性,它会调用virtio_gpu_virgl_process_cmd()来处理请求。否则,它会调用virtio_gpu_simple_process_cmd()。当3D特性开启时,前后端通信的VIRTIO-GPU协议支持命令如下:
命令处理函数
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_CREATEvirgl_cmd_context_create()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_DESTROYvirgl_cmd_context_destroy()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_2Dvirgl_cmd_create_resource_2d()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_3Dvirgl_cmd_create_resource_3d()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3Dvirgl_cmd_submit_3d()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_2Dvirgl_cmd_transfer_to_host_2d()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_3Dvirgl_cmd_transfer_to_host_3d()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_FROM_HOST_3Dvirgl_cmd_transfer_from_host_3d()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_ATTACH_BACKINGvirgl_resource_attach_backing()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_DETACH_BACKINGvirgl_resource_detach_backing()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SET_SCANOUTvirgl_cmd_set_scanout()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_FLUSHvirgl_cmd_resource_flush()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_UNREFvirgl_cmd_resource_unref()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_ATTACH_RESOURCEvirgl_cmd_ctx_attach_resource()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_DETACH_RESOURCEvirgl_cmd_ctx_detach_resource()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_CAPSET_INFOvirgl_cmd_get_capset_info()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_CAPSETvirgl_cmd_get_capset()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_DISPLAY_INFOvirtio_gpu_get_display_info()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_EDIDvirtio_gpu_get_edid()
  • Virglrenderer. virtio-gpu后端设备大部分的命令会被转发到virglrenderer,以VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3D命令为例,Guest应用可以通过发送VIRTGPU_EXECBUFFER命令直接请求virtio-gpu驱动,virtio-gpu驱动会以VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3D命令转发到Host virto-gpu设备,再将命令转发给virglrenderer,virglrenderer解析buf中virgl context cmd(简称CCMD),针对不同CCMD进行3D解码处理。处理过程和CCMD列表如下:
    在这里插入图片描述
VIRGL_CCMD描述
VIRGL_CCMD_NOP = 0vrend_decode_dummy
VIRGL_CCMD_CREATE_OBJECT = 1vrend_decode_create_object
VIRGL_CCMD_BIND_OBJECTvrend_decode_bind_object
VIRGL_CCMD_DESTROY_OBJECTvrend_decode_destroy_object
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_VIEWPORT_STATEvrend_decode_set_viewport_state
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_FRAMEBUFFER_STATEvrend_decode_set_framebuffer_state
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_VERTEX_BUFFERSvrend_decode_set_vertex_buffers
VIRGL_CCMD_CLEARvrend_decode_clear
VIRGL_CCMD_DRAW_VBOvrend_decode_draw_vbo
VIRGL_CCMD_RESOURCE_INLINE_WRITEvrend_decode_resource_inline_write
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_SAMPLER_VIEWSvrend_decode_set_sampler_views
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_INDEX_BUFFERvrend_decode_set_index_buffer
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_CONSTANT_BUFFERvrend_decode_set_constant_buffer
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_STENCIL_REFvrend_decode_set_stencil_ref
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_BLEND_COLORvrend_decode_set_blend_color
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_SCISSOR_STATEvrend_decode_set_scissor_state
VIRGL_CCMD_BLITvrend_decode_blit
VIRGL_CCMD_RESOURCE_COPY_REGIONvrend_decode_resource_copy_region
VIRGL_CCMD_BIND_SAMPLER_STATESvrend_decode_bind_sampler_states
VIRGL_CCMD_BEGIN_QUERYvrend_decode_begin_query
VIRGL_CCMD_END_QUERYvrend_decode_end_query
VIRGL_CCMD_GET_QUERY_RESULTvrend_decode_get_query_result
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_POLYGON_STIPPLEvrend_decode_set_polygon_stipple
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_CLIP_STATEvrend_decode_set_clip_state
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_SAMPLE_MASKvrend_decode_set_sample_mask
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_STREAMOUT_TARGETSvrend_decode_set_streamout_targets
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_RENDER_CONDITIONvrend_decode_set_render_condition
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_UNIFORM_BUFFERvrend_decode_set_uniform_buffer
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_SUB_CTXvrend_decode_set_sub_ctx
VIRGL_CCMD_CREATE_SUB_CTXvrend_decode_create_sub_ctx
VIRGL_CCMD_DESTROY_SUB_CTXvrend_decode_destroy_sub_ctx
VIRGL_CCMD_BIND_SHADERvrend_decode_bind_shader
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_TESS_STATEvrend_decode_set_tess_state
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_MIN_SAMPLESvrend_decode_set_min_samples
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_SHADER_BUFFERSvrend_decode_set_shader_buffers
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_SHADER_IMAGESvrend_decode_set_shader_images
VIRGL_CCMD_MEMORY_BARRIERvrend_decode_memory_barrier
VIRGL_CCMD_LAUNCH_GRIDvrend_decode_launch_grid
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_FRAMEBUFFER_STATE_NO_ATTACHvrend_decode_set_framebuffer_state_no_attach
VIRGL_CCMD_TEXTURE_BARRIERvrend_decode_texture_barrier
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_ATOMIC_BUFFERSvrend_decode_set_atomic_buffers
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_DEBUG_FLAGSvrend_decode_set_debug_mask
VIRGL_CCMD_GET_QUERY_RESULT_QBOvrend_decode_get_query_result_qbo
VIRGL_CCMD_TRANSFER3Dvrend_decode_transfer3d
VIRGL_CCMD_END_TRANSFERSvrend_decode_dummy
VIRGL_CCMD_COPY_TRANSFER3Dvrend_decode_copy_transfer3d
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_TWEAKSvrend_decode_set_tweaks
VIRGL_CCMD_CLEAR_TEXTUREvrend_decode_clear_texture
VIRGL_CCMD_PIPE_RESOURCE_CREATEvrend_decode_pipe_resource_create
VIRGL_CCMD_PIPE_RESOURCE_SET_TYPEvrend_decode_pipe_resource_set_type
VIRGL_CCMD_GET_MEMORY_INFOvrend_decode_get_memory_info
VIRGL_CCMD_SEND_STRING_MARKERvrend_decode_send_string_marker
VIRGL_CCMD_LINK_SHADERvrend_decode_link_shader
VIRGL_CCMD_CREATE_VIDEO_CODECvrend_decode_create_video_codec
VIRGL_CCMD_DESTROY_VIDEO_CODECvrend_decode_destroy_video_codec
VIRGL_CCMD_CREATE_VIDEO_BUFFERvrend_decode_create_video_buffer
VIRGL_CCMD_DESTROY_VIDEO_BUFFERvrend_decode_destroy_video_buffer
VIRGL_CCMD_BEGIN_FRAMEvrend_decode_begin_frame
VIRGL_CCMD_DECODE_MACROBLOCKvrend_decode_dummy
VIRGL_CCMD_DECODE_BITSTREAMvrend_decode_decode_bitstream
VIRGL_CCMD_ENCODE_BITSTREAMvrend_decode_encode_bitstream
VIRGL_CCMD_END_FRAMEvrend_decode_end_frame
VIRGL_MAX_COMMANDS

4.2 VM前端

  • 如下图为基于VirtioGPU的前后端调用关系。依次为Guest App => Guest mesa3D => Guest Virtio-GPU Driver => Host Qemu => Host Virglrenderer => Host GPU

在这里插入图片描述

  • 前端调用框架。此处前端以基于mesa-drm的Android12为例

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

  • 在普通 GUI 应用中,界面是由 Graphics Widgets (例如 Gtk+、Qt)布局,进而生成 Scene
    Graph(SG),通过遍历SG渲染在surface。最后,这个surface (或曰 buffer),提交给 Mutter
    /Wayland/SurfaceFlinger来进行合成。

  • 这里展开两个细节,其一,遍历 SG 进行渲染时,通常是通过 Cario 或 Skia 等绘图工具:绘图工具常有多实现后端。其中 GPU 加速后端,常见基于 OpenGL ES。OpenGL ES 是个 API 的SPEC,基于开源的实现方案常由Mesa提供。相关 buffer 分配,最终落实在通过DRM 接口,分配GEM Buffer Object,例如minigbm提供gbm_bo_create()实现

  • 调用关系. mesa3d/minigbm对libdrm通过drmIoctl调用,libdrm通过ioctl调用virtio-gpu驱动,virtio-gpu通过VIRTIO_GPU_CMD调用到qemu virtio-device. 涉及模块间调用接口如下:

mesa3dminigbmlibdrm drmIoctlvirtio-gpu ioctlvirtio-gpu func依赖说明
virgl_drm_resource_mapgbm_bo_mapDRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_MAPVIRTGPU_MAPvirtio_gpu_map_ioctlmmap dumb依赖gem
virgl_drm_winsys_submit_cmdgbm_bo_createDRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_EXECBUFFERVIRTGPU_EXECBUFFERvirtio_gpu_execbuffer_ioctlVIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3D
virgl_drm_winsys_creategbm_create_deviceDRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_GETPARAMVIRTGPU_GETPARAMvirtio_gpu_getparam_ioctl仅copy配置
virgl_drm_winsys_resource_creategbm_bo_createDRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATEVIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATEvirtio_gpu_resource_create_ioctlVIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_CREATE VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_3D
virgl_drm_winsys_resource_create_handlegralloc0_perform gralloc0_lock_async_ycbcrDRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_INFOVIRTGPU_RESOURCE_INFOvirtio_gpu_resource_info_ioctl仅赋值配置
virgl_bo_transfer_getdrv_bo_invalidateDRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_FROM_HOSTVIRTGPU_TRANSFER_FROM_HOSTvirtio_gpu_transfer_from_host_ioctlVIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_FROM_HOST_3D
virgl_bo_transfer_putgbm_bo_unmapDRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_TO_HOSTVIRTGPU_TRANSFER_TO_HOSTvirtio_gpu_transfer_to_host_ioctlVIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_3D
virgl_drm_resource_waitgbm_bo_unmapDRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_WAITVIRTGPU_WAITvirtio_gpu_wait_ioctlwait rcu
virgl_drm_get_capsgbm_create_deviceDRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_GET_CAPSVIRTGPU_GET_CAPSvirtio_gpu_get_caps_ioctlVIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_CAPSET
virgl_drm_winsys_resource_create_blobgbm_bo_createDRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATE_BLOBVIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATE_BLOBvirtio_gpu_resource_create_blob_ioctlVIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_BLOB
gbm_bo_createDRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_CONTEXT_INITVIRTGPU_CONTEXT_INITvirtio_gpu_context_init_ioctlVIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_CREATE
4.2.1 minigbm
  • 在现代的移动设备上,通常借由OpenGL ES来进行图形渲染。而OpenGL ES和Platform OS上的 Window System的交互,是通过EGL来隔开的,EGL主要实现了Buffer相关接口
  • 在开源图形栈中EGL的实现:
对于 App:EGL基于Wayland(以及 libgbm)来实现接口
对于 Compositor:EGL基于DRM(以及 DRM 进一步封装,如 libgbm)来实现接口
  • minigbm通过libdrm调用Virtio-gpu相关ioctl
virtgpu_cross_domain.c:122:     ret = drmIoctl(drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_EXECBUFFER, &exec);
virtgpu_cross_domain.c:131:     ret = drmIoctl(drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_WAIT, &wait_3d);
virtgpu_cross_domain.c:289:     ret = drmIoctl(drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_GET_CAPS, &args);
virtgpu_cross_domain.c:312:     ret = drmIoctl(drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_CONTEXT_INIT, &init);
virtgpu_cross_domain.c:333:     ret = drmIoctl(drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_MAP, &map);
virtgpu_cross_domain.c:427:     ret = drmIoctl(bo->drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_MAP, &gem_map);
virtgpu_virgl.c:498:    ret = drmIoctl(bo->drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATE, &res_create);
virtgpu_virgl.c:722:    ret = drmIoctl(drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATE_BLOB, &drm_rc_blob);
virtgpu_virgl.c:867:    ret = drmIoctl(bo->drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_FROM_HOST, &xfer);
virtgpu_virgl.c:879:    ret = drmIoctl(bo->drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_WAIT, &waitcmd);
virtgpu_virgl.c:943:    ret = drmIoctl(bo->drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_TO_HOST, &xfer);
virtgpu_virgl.c:958:    ret = drmIoctl(bo->drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_WAIT, &waitcmd);
virtgpu_virgl.c:1070:   ret = drmIoctl(bo->drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_INFO_CROS, &res_info);
virtgpu.c:49:           int ret = drmIoctl(drv->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_GETPARAM, &get_param);
4.2.2 mesa3d
  • mesa3d是图形驱动的开源实现,Virtio-GPU方案中依赖mesa-virgl实现将OpenGL指令转换为TGSI中间形式向内核提交。通过libdrm调用Virtio-gpu相关ioctl
src/gallium/winsys/virgl/drm/virgl_drm_winsys.c:201:   ret = drmIoctl(qdws->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATE_BLOB, &drm_rc_blob);
src/gallium/winsys/virgl/drm/virgl_drm_winsys.c:257:   ret = drmIoctl(qdws->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATE, &createcmd);
src/gallium/winsys/virgl/drm/virgl_drm_winsys.c:331:   return drmIoctl(vdws->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_TO_HOST, &tohostcmd);
src/gallium/winsys/virgl/drm/virgl_drm_winsys.c:360:   return drmIoctl(vdws->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_FROM_HOST, &fromhostcmd);
src/gallium/winsys/virgl/drm/virgl_drm_winsys.c:486:   if (drmIoctl(qdws->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_INFO, &info_arg)) {
src/gallium/winsys/virgl/drm/virgl_drm_winsys.c:565:   if (drmIoctl(qdws->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_MAP, &mmap_arg))
src/gallium/winsys/virgl/drm/virgl_drm_winsys.c:591:   ret = drmIoctl(qdws->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_WAIT, &waitcmd);
src/gallium/winsys/virgl/drm/virgl_drm_winsys.c:855:   ret = drmIoctl(qdws->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_EXECBUFFER, &eb);
src/gallium/winsys/virgl/drm/virgl_drm_winsys.c:898:   ret = drmIoctl(vdws->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_GET_CAPS, &args);
src/gallium/winsys/virgl/drm/virgl_drm_winsys.c:903:   ret = drmIoctl(vdws->fd, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_GET_CAPS, &args);
src/gallium/winsys/virgl/drm/virgl_drm_winsys.c:1060:  ret = drmIoctl(drmFD, DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_GETPARAM, &getparam);
4.2.3 libdrm
  • libdrm用于封装DRM驱动IOCTL,其中封装VIRTIO-GPU提供IOCTL为
DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_MAP 
DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_EXECBUFFER 
DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_GETPARAM 
DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATE                 
DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_INFO 
DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_FROM_HOST 
DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_TO_HOST 
DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_WAIT                            
DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_GET_CAPS 
DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATE_BLOB                            
DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_CONTEXT_INIT
4.2.4 virtio-gpu

在这里插入图片描述

  • virtio-gpu前端框架如上图所示. 作为DRM驱动的一种实现(当然也可以有别的实现,如MTK,RK等),不仅实现自己的ioctl,还向Drm core注册如GEM,MODESET,ATOMIC等其他操作回调,用于支持内存管理,模式设置,提交等功能。
  • virtio-gpu是一个支持MODESET/GEM/RENDER/ATOMIC的DRM驱动
static struct drm_driver driver = {
	.driver_features = DRIVER_MODESET | DRIVER_GEM | DRIVER_RENDER | DRIVER_ATOMIC,
 - DRIVER_GEM:该feature 告诉DRM Core当前驱动支持GEM操作,如buffer的分配和释放,
   以及GEM OPEN/FLINK/CLOSE等操作。自己需要提供.dumb_create回调,接口用于创建 gem object,并分配物理buffer
 - DRIVER_MODESET:该feature告诉DRM Core当前驱动支持modesetting操作。自己需要做modeset初始化,
   mode_config.funcs由virtio_gpu_mode_funcs实现,其中.fb_create回调接口用于创建framebuffer object,并绑定gem objects
 - DRIVER_ATOMIC:该feature告诉DRM Core当前驱动支持Atomic操作,其中.atomic_commit接口是atomic操作的主要入口函数
  • virtio-gpu_probe. virtio-gpu驱动自身的初始化过程
virtio_gpu_probe
    |-> virtio_gpu_init
        |-> virtio_gpu_init_vq //初始化ctrlq和cursorq,设置callback
        |-> //virtio_gpu一系列成员初始化,与后端通信
        |-> virtio_gpu_modeset_init //modeset初始化
            |-> drmm_mode_config_init //drm mode配置结构体初始化
            |-> mode_config.funcs //modern版本drm mode callback,支持atomic_commit提交送显
            |-> mode_config.helper_private //modern版本helper callback,支持atomic_commit_tail
            |-> //设置mode最小/最大长宽,支持page_flip方式送显
            |-> vgdev_output_init //drm plane/crtc/connector/encoder/connector初始化
                |-> drm_universal_plane_init   //回调virtio_gpu_plane_funcs,支持plane ioctl
                |-> drm_crtc_init_with_planes  //回调virtio_gpu_crtc_funcs,支持crtc ioctl
                |-> drm_crtc_helper_add        //回调virtio_gpu_crtc_funcs,支持atomic ioctl
                |-> drm_connector_init        //回调virtio_gpu_connector_funcs,支持connector ioctl
                |-> drm_simple_encoder_init   //回调virtio_gpu_enc_helper_funcs,支持connector ioctl 
        |-> virtio_gpu_cmd_get_display_info //向后端请求display info
    |-> drm_dev_register //注册drm设备
  • ioctl GEM调用. virtio-gpu向drm core注册GEM操作callback(注册到drm_driver成员),实现buffer分配管理
funcsdrm_driver成员说明
.dumb_createGEM操作.由DRM_IOCTL_MODE_CREATE_DUMB调用,创建cpu dumb buffer
.dumb_map_offsetGEM操作. 由DRM_IOCTL_MODE_MAP_DUMB调用,映射指定偏移的dumb buffer
.prime_handle_to_fdGEM操作. 由drmPrimeHandleToFD调用
.prime_fd_to_handleGEM操作.由drmPrimeFDToHandle调用
.gem_prime_mmapGEM操作. drm_gem_dmabuf_mmap调用,映射dma_buf内存
.gem_prime_exportGEM操作. 实现一个dma_buf exporter驱动
.gem_prime_importGEM操作.drm_gem_prime_fd_to_handle调用(该函数实际由virtio-gpu注册.prime_fd_to_handle),增加gem引用计数
.gem_prime_import_sg_tableGEM操作. drm_gem_prime_fd_to_handle调用,在virtio-gpu中未支持
.gem_create_objectGEM操作. 创建object并设置shmem funcs
  • ioctl VIRTGPU调用. virtio-gpu驱动实现的自有.ioctl,为VIRTGPU_XX类型命令,libdrm封装为DRM_IOCTL_VIRTGPU_XX类型命令,常见命令为:
命令说明
VIRTGPU_GET_CAPS获取GPU的能力信息
VIRTGPU_GETPARAM获取GPU的特性信息
VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_CREATE创建resource
VIRTGPU_RESOURCE_INFO获取resource信息
VIRTGPU_MAP映射资源到用户空间(零拷贝)
VIRTGPU_EXECBUFFER向GPU发送命令
VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_FROM_HOST从GPU中读取数据
VIRTGPU_TRANSFER_TO_HOST向GPU写入数据
  • ioctl MODESET调用. virtio-gpu向drm core注册ModeSet操作回调,上层通过drmIoctl/drmMode调用,实现crtc,plane,connector,mode等设置。此为传统方式,更倾向于使用ATOMIC这种现代方式。下面是一些libdrm接口和virtio-gpu callback对应关系
libdrmVirtio-GPU callback说明
drmModeSetCrtcvirtio_gpu_crtc_funcs.set_config设置crtc
drmModePageFlipvirtio_gpu_crtc_funcs.page_flip传统方式送显
drmModeSetPlanevirtio_gpu_plane_funcs.update_plane更新plane
drmModeGetConnectorvirtio_gpu_connector_funcs.fill_modes
drmModeAddFB2virtio_gpu_mode_funcs.fb_create创建framebuffer
  • ioctl ATOMIC调用. virtio-gpu向drm core注册ATOMIC操作回调,上层通过drmIoctl/drmMode调用,实现mode设置,Atomic意为:本次commit操作,要么成功,要么保持原来的状态不变。如android中drm hwcomposer,执行送显流程中,依次调用addProperty去设置crtc,plane的属性,所有的请求会放进atomic_req数组,最后执行drmModeAtomicCommit把所有请求参数配置到硬件并进行刷图操作
 /* 提交所有的请求参数配置到硬件并进行刷图操作,比pageflip刷图更先进 */
 drmModeAtomicCommit()
   | /* libdrm drmIoctl with DRM_IOCTL_MODE_ATOMIC */
   |-> drm_mode_atomic_ioctl
       |-> drm_atomic_commit
           |-> config->funcs->atomic_commit
           | /* 实际为virtio_gpu_mode_funcs注册的.atomic_commit回调 */
           |-> drm_atomic_helper_commit
  • shmem funcs. gem shmem对象的callbacks,用于drm core gem模块调用
 static const struct drm_gem_object_funcs virtio_gpu_shmem_funcs = {
	.free = virtio_gpu_free_object,
	.open = virtio_gpu_gem_object_open,
	.close = virtio_gpu_gem_object_close,
	.print_info = drm_gem_shmem_print_info,
	.export = virtgpu_gem_prime_export,
	.pin = drm_gem_shmem_pin,
	.unpin = drm_gem_shmem_unpin,
	.get_sg_table = drm_gem_shmem_get_sg_table,
	.vmap = drm_gem_shmem_vmap,
	.vunmap = drm_gem_shmem_vunmap,
	.mmap = drm_gem_shmem_mmap,
};
  • gem_prime_export. drm_driver成员.gem_prime_export,实现了一种基于virtio的dma_buf exporter driver,(当然也有别的实现,如android ion驱动就是一种dma_buf exporter driver实现),用于将dma-buf导出,别的驱动或用户态可以作为importer使dma-buf,接口依赖由virtio_dma_buf.ko提供,virtio_dma_buf.ko对基础dma_buf接口封装。
 #1. virtio_dma_buf_ops
 const struct virtio_dma_buf_ops virtgpu_dmabuf_ops =  {
	.ops = {
		.cache_sgt_mapping = true,
		.attach = virtio_dma_buf_attach,
		.detach = drm_gem_map_detach,
		.map_dma_buf = drm_gem_map_dma_buf,
		.unmap_dma_buf = drm_gem_unmap_dma_buf,
		.release = drm_gem_dmabuf_release,
		.mmap = drm_gem_dmabuf_mmap, //将dma-buf的物理内存直接映射到用户空间,内核中由kzalloc分配
		.vmap = drm_gem_dmabuf_vmap, //将dma-buf映射到内核空间,物理上可以不连续,虚拟地址空间连续
		.vunmap = drm_gem_dmabuf_vunmap,
	},
	.device_attach = drm_gem_map_attach,
	.get_uuid = virtgpu_virtio_get_uuid,
};
#2. 声明DMA_BUF
DEFINE_DMA_BUF_EXPORT_INFO
#3. 注册exp回调
virtio_dma_buf_export(&exp_info)

4.3 VIRTIO-GPU 2D后端

4.3.1 概述
  • VIRTIO-GPU 2D后端有两种,一种是依赖pixman进行2D处理,另一种是virgl_renderer的2D处理,本节讲解第一种。
  • 0 说明
Host: Ubuntu20.04 qemu6.1.1 
Guset: Ubuntu20.04
#使用该环境未能使能virgl加速,仅2D加速
4.3.1 后端流程
  • 1 流程
virtio_gpu_class_init -> virtio_gpu_device_realize -> 虚拟机内核启动 -> virtio_gpu_get_config 
-> virtio_gpu_handle_ctrl -> virtio_gpu_simple_process_cmd -> pixman 2D处理
  • 2 virtio_gpu_class_init. 设置多个回调
#Qemu启动时根据qom type_initialize调用virtio_gpu_class_init
virtio_gpu_class_init #注册回调,gpu操作和设备操作
    handle_ctrl:virtio_gpu_handle_ctrl #处理控制
    process_cmd:virtio_gpu_simple_process_cmd #处理2D VIRTIO_GPU_CMD
    update_cursor_data:virtio_gpu_update_cursor_data #处理鼠标数据
    realize:virtio_gpu_device_realize  #初始化ctrl/cursor vq,设置回调
    reset:virtio_gpu_reset 
    get_config:virtio_gpu_get_config  #拷贝一份后端的virtio-gpu配置
    set_config:virtio_gpu_set_config
  • 3 virtio_gpu_device_realize. 初始化和设置VQ回调
qemu_init->qdev_realize->device_set_realize -> virtio_pci_realize -> virtio_device_realize
#初始化ctrl/curse vq
#设置ctrl_bh/cursor_bh回调,实际调用到上文注册的handle_ctrl
#调用栈

在这里插入图片描述

  • 4 virtio_gpu_get_config. 获取设备virtio_config
#VM读取config触发陷出,memory_region_dispatch_read -> virtio_config_readl
#调用栈

在这里插入图片描述

#拷贝配置

在这里插入图片描述

  • 5 virtio_gpu_handle_ctrl
#通过aio通知进行回调
virtqueue_pop #从VQ中命令出队,加入cmdq队列
virtio_gpu_process_cmdq #处理cmdq
process_cmd #处理单个cmd
virtio_gpu_simple_process_cmd #实际调用virtio_gpu_class_init注册的回调,处理2D VIRTIO_GPU_CMD
#调用栈

在这里插入图片描述

  • 6 virtio_gpu_simple_process_cmd
#调用栈

在这里插入图片描述

4.3.3 VIRTIO_GPU_CMD介绍
  • 2D命令介绍
命令说明
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_DISPLAY_INFO获取中断的显示信息,该信息由qemu的VirtIOGPU.req_state字段保存,qemu收到命令后直接从内存中取出信息返回给前端
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_2D创建一个图片资源,不填充像素
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_UNREF删除一个图片资源
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_FLUSH向终端传输图片像素数据,显示图像
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_2D将后端qemu维护的像素数据传递给成pixman库,从进行像素处理
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_ATTACH_BACKING将前端传递的像素数据地址从virtio队列中解析出来,让qemu维护的iov缓存映射到此地址,前端通过这个命令让后端Qemu能记录到前端分配像素地 址。注意,这条命令的本质是映射,让Qemu的iov数据结构能够关联前端的像素地址
  • 2D CMD处理流程
...//Vm内核启动
...
drm子系统virtio-gpu-pci加载
virtio_gpu_get_edid  #创建一个edid并返回给VM
  virtio_gpu_generate_edid
  virtio_gpu_ctrl_response  #cmd写回给VM
virtio_gpu_get_display_info  #填充display_info并返回给VM
  virtio_gpu_base_fill_display_info
  virtio_gpu_ctrl_response
virtio_gpu_resource_create_2d #Host端创建resource,cmd只有错赋值
virtio_gpu_resource_attach_backing #Host端,cmd只有错赋值
  virtio_gpu_create_mapping_iov #res进行dma_map操作
  virtio_gpu_ctrl_response_nodata #返回状态
...  #内核流程加载
virtio_gpu_set_scanout  #通过pixman为scanout创建surface,更新scanout的坐标长宽等
  virtio_gpu_update_scanout #将virtio_gpu_rect ss.r的id/x/y等更新到scanout
virtio_gpu_transfer_to_host_2d #结合pixman转换为host 2d,cmd只有错赋值
  iov_to_buf 
virtio_gpu_set_scanout
virtio_gpu_resource_flush  #结合pixman更新目标区域,cmd只有错赋值
  dpy_gfx_update
virtio_gpu_transfer_to_host_2d
virtio_gpu_set_scanout
virtio_gpu_resource_flush
virtio_gpu_transfer_to_host_2d
... #在这三个CMD循环往复
... #内核继续加载
virtio_gpu_resource_create_2d
virtio_gpu_resource_attach_backing
virtio_gpu_resource_create_2d
virtio_gpu_resource_attach_backing
virtio_gpu_transfer_to_host_2d
#此处显示出ubuntu启动图标

在这里插入图片描述

virtio_gpu_transfer_to_host_2d
virtio_gpu_set_scanout
virtio_gpu_resource_flush
virtio_gpu_transfer_to_host_2d
virtio_gpu_set_scanout #scanou_id=0
virtio_gpu_resource_flush
...
#显示登录界面,登录
virtio_gpu_resource_create_2d
virtio_gpu_resource_detach_backing
virtio_gpu_resource_unref
...
  • 7 数据结构
virtio_gpu_get_display_info
(gdb) p display_info
$11 = {hdr = {type = 4353, flags = 0, fence_id = 0, ctx_id = 0, padding = 0}, pmodes = {{r = {x = 0, y = 0, width = 1024, height = 768}, enabled = 1, flags = 0}, {r = {x = 0, y = 0, width = 0,
height = 0}, enabled = 0, flags = 0} <repeats 15 times>}} 
virtio_gpu_set_scanout 
(gdb) p *r
$3 = {x = 0, y = 0, width = 1024, height = 768}
virtio_gpu_resource_create_2d
(gdb) p c2d
$5 = {hdr = {type = 257, flags = 0, fence_id = 0, ctx_id = 0, padding = 0}, resource_id = 7, format = 2, width = 1024, height = 768} 

4.4 VIRTIO-GPU 3D后端

4.4.1 概述
  • 本节主要介绍virtio-gpu后端依赖virglrenderer的支持实现OpenGl 3D加速。

  • 环境

Host:Ubuntu20.04 qemu-stable-4.2
Guest:Ubuntu20.04
启动参数:qemu-system-x86_64 --enable-kvm -m 1024 -smp 1 -serial stdio -vga virtio -display gtk,gl=on ubuntu.img
4.4.2 后端流程
  • 流程. 下面为后端调用大致流程,并详细介绍
virtio_gpu_class_init 
-> virtio_gpu_device_realize #注册各种回调
-> 虚拟机GRUB启动 
-> virtio_gpu_get_config   #获取配置
-> virtio_gpu_handle_ctrl  #处理控制流
-> virtio_gpu_process_cmdq #检查cmdq队列,simple或者virgl处理
-> virtio_gpu_virgl_process_cmd #2D和3D处理
  -> 多种VIRTIO_GPU_CMD处理. 依赖libvirglrender 
  -> opengl调用到图形驱动
  1. virtio_gpu_class_init. 初始化结构体和设置多个回调
#qemu type_init初始化调用由type_register_static注册的virtio_gpu_info结构
gl_unlock:virtio_gpu_gl_unblock
realize:virtio_gpu_device_realize #设置VQ和回调
reset:virtio_gpu_reset #退出清理
get_config:virtio_gpu_get_config
set_config:vdc->set_config = virtio_gpu_set_config
vmsd:vmstate_virtio_gpu
props:virtio_gpu_properties

调用栈:

在这里插入图片描述

  1. virtio_gpu_device_realize. VirtioGPU设备实现:设置ctrl/cursor回调,VQ
  virtio_gpu_virgl_get_num_capsets #获取capset个数(2)赋值到virtio_config.num_capsets
  virtio_gpu_base_device_realize #设置回调为后面的ctrl_bh,cursor_bh
  virtio_get_queue #获取ctrl/cursor VQ
  g->ctrl_bh = qemu_bh_new(virtio_gpu_ctrl_bh, g) #ctrl回调为virtio_gpu_handle_ctrl
  g->cursor_bh = qemu_bh_new(virtio_gpu_cursor_bh, g) #cursor回调
  #初始化reslist/cmdq/fenceq链表

调用栈:

在这里插入图片描述

  1. GRUB启动ubuntu

在这里插入图片描述

  1. virtio_gpu_get_config. 获取设备的virtio_config
#拷贝一份virtio-device设置给前端,方式为前端read memory region
memcpy(config, &g->virtio_config, sizeof(g->virtio_config))
#配置为
 p g->virtio_config
 $7 = {events_read = 1, events_clear = 0, num_scanouts = 1, num_capsets = 2}

调用栈:

在这里插入图片描述

  1. virtio_gpu_handle_ctrl. 处理ctrl流
#aio通知前面注册的ctrl_bh(实际为virtio_gpu_ctrl_bh),处理ctrl流
virtio_gpu_virgl_init #CONFIG_VIRGL支持,初始化virgl
    virgl_renderer_init #libvirglrenderer实现
virtqueue_pop #CMD从VQ出队
virtio_gpu_process_cmdq #CMD处理实际为virtio_gpu_virgl_process_cmd
virtio_gpu_virgl_fence_poll #CONFIG_VIRGL支持,fence_pull再次处理CMD
    virgl_renderer_poll #libvirglrenderer实现
    virtio_gpu_process_cmdq #检查cmdq队列空了就跳过,有就处理

调用栈:

在这里插入图片描述

  1. virtio_gpu_process_cmdq
#从cmdq中取cmd
#有cmd就调用virtio_gpu_virgl_process_cmd(VIRGL)或者virtio_gpu_simple_process_cmd(2D)处理
4.4.3 CMD处理
  1. virtio_gpu_virgl_process_cmd. 作为qemu从VirtQueue取出cmd后的主处理函数,cmd结构为virtio_gpu_ctrl_command,如下图所示,比较重要是存放数据的elem和存放控制头的cmd_hdr.
    在这里插入图片描述
  2. 根据cmd->hdr.type使用不同方法处理cmd
  3. qemu后端通过VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD将cmd中out_sg[ivo_cnt].iov_base拷贝到指定结构体,组装为如下多种形式结构,用于不同CMD的处理。因此,cmd-from-vq实际只使用和保留了out_sg.iov_base地址指向的内容。下图中out_sg[ivo_cnt].iov_base内容即为ctrl head+qemu metadata
    在这里插入图片描述
  4. 后端数据处理流程

在这里插入图片描述 如上图所示为后端qemu+virglrenderer数据处理流程
qemu:
①qemu从VirtQueue取出cmd交由virtio_gpu_virgl_process_cmd()处理,如从cmd中解析出cmd_hdr.type为VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3D,交由virgl_cmd_submit_3d()处理
②virgl_cmd_submit_3d()首先拷贝cmd-from-VQ中elem.out_sg[0].iov_base,内含hdr+size+padding,其中size为out_sg[1].iov_base有效数据长度; 然后将(hdr.ctx_id, out_sg[1].iov_base,wordSize)提交给virglrenderer
virglrenderer
③vrend_decode_ctx_submit_cmd()循环解析buf中VIRGL_CCMD(包含cmd+len+payload),根据decode_table[cmd]调用不同方法进行3D解码

4.4.4 VIRTIO_GPU_CMD介绍
3D命令介绍:(https://github.com/Keenuts/virtio-gpu-documentation/blob/master/src/virtio-gpu.md)
  • VIRTIO_GPU支持CMD列表
命令处理函数
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_CREATEvirgl_cmd_context_create()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_DESTROYvirgl_cmd_context_destroy()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_2Dvirgl_cmd_create_resource_2d()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_3Dvirgl_cmd_create_resource_3d()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3Dvirgl_cmd_submit_3d()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_2Dvirgl_cmd_transfer_to_host_2d()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_3Dvirgl_cmd_transfer_to_host_3d()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_FROM_HOST_3Dvirgl_cmd_transfer_from_host_3d()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_ATTACH_BACKINGvirgl_resource_attach_backing()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_DETACH_BACKINGvirgl_resource_detach_backing()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SET_SCANOUTvirgl_cmd_set_scanout()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_FLUSHvirgl_cmd_resource_flush()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_UNREFvirgl_cmd_resource_unref()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_ATTACH_RESOURCEvirgl_cmd_ctx_attach_resource()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_DETACH_RESOURCEvirgl_cmd_ctx_detach_resource()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_CAPSET_INFOvirgl_cmd_get_capset_info()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_CAPSETvirgl_cmd_get_capset()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_DISPLAY_INFOvirtio_gpu_get_display_info()
VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_EDIDvirtio_gpu_get_edid()
  • VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_CREATE
virgl_cmd_context_create #3D创建context
    virgl_renderer_context_create #virgl创建
    (gdb) p cc
    $1 = {hdr = {type = 512, flags = 0, fence_id = 0, ctx_id = 1, padding = 0}, nlen = 13, padding = 0, debug_name = "systemd-udevd", '\000' <repeats 50 times>} 
  • VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_ATTACH_RESOURCE
virgl_cmd_ctx_attach_resource #3D attach资源
    virgl_renderer_ctx_attach_resource
    p att_res
    $2 = {hdr = {type = 514, flags = 0, fence_id = 0, ctx_id = 1, padding = 0}, resource_id = 2, padding = 0}
    virgl_cmd_ctx_attach_resource()
    |
    |/* virglrenderer */
    |-> virgl_renderer_resource_attach_iov()
        |
        |/* 将resource数据拷贝到驱动中 */
        |-> vrend_renderer_resource_attach_iov()
  • VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_3D
virgl_cmd_create_resource_3d #创建3D资源
    (gdb) p args
    $11 = {handle = 3, target = 2, format = 67, bind = 10, width = 1, height = 1, depth = 1, array_size = 1, last_level = 0, nr_samples = 0, flags = 0}
    virgl_renderer_resource_create 
        |/* libvirglrenderer处理 */
        |-> vrend_renderer_resource_create(args)
            |-> vrend_renderer_resource_copy_args(args, gr)
            |-> vrend_renderer_resource_allocate_texture(gr)
                |-> gr->target = tgsitargettogltarget()
  • VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3D. Qemu传递(buffer, context ID, word count)给virglrenderer的3D解码器
virgl_cmd_submit_3d /* 将out_sg内容拷贝提交给virglrenderer,前后端传递的是out_sg指针,不传递数据 */
    | /* 将out_sg[0].iov_base的前sizeof(cs)bytes拷贝到cs, 该32字节实际为hdr+size+padding */
    |-> VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cs); //
    |-> g_malloc /* 申请cs.size(4136)字节buf */
    /* cmd->elem.out_sg(已转为HVA),此处是取out_sg[1].iov_base中的内容,长度保存在cs.size */
    |-> iov_to_buf /* 将out_sg[1].iov_base地址cs.size(4136)字节拷贝到buf */
    /* (iov=0x555557019258, iov_cnt=2, offset=32, buf=0x5555587afde0, bytes=4136) */
    |-> virgl_renderer_submit_cmd(buf, cs.hdr.ctx_id, cs.size / 4) /* 将buf、ctx_id、字宽提交给virglrender */
       /* cs = {hdr = {type = 519, flags = 1, fence_id = 1, ctx_id = 2, padding = 0}, size = 4136} */
        | /* 从CTX_CREATE中找到注册的submit_cmd回调 */
        |-> vrend_decode_ctx_submit_cmd()
            | /* decode_table[VIRGL_CCMD_RESOURCE_INLINE_WRITE]找到CMD相应回调 */
            |-> vrend_decode_resource_inline_write()
                |-> vrend_transfer_inline_write()
                    |-> vrend_renderer_transfer_write_iov() /* 完成真正的写入操作 */
                        | /* 若storage_bits不是VREND_STORAGE_GL_BUFFER就malloc堆内存,将绘制数据从iov拷贝到buf再使用opengl绘制;
                        | /* storage_bits其他类型可以直接用iov向opengl提交 */
                        | /* 不同GL_TEXTURE target使用不同gl命令 */
                        |-> glDrawPixels/glTexSubImage3D/glTexSubImage2D
  • VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_ATTACH_RESOURCE
virgl_cmd_ctx_attach_resource #3D attach资源
    virgl_renderer_ctx_attach_resource
    p att_res
    $2 = {hdr = {type = 514, flags = 0, fence_id = 0, ctx_id = 1, padding = 0}, resource_id = 2, padding = 0}
    virgl_cmd_ctx_attach_resource()
  • 7 virtio_gpu_virgl_process_cmd:Ctrl CMD处理流程
... #内核启动加载
virgl_renderer_force_ctx_0 #?
virgl_cmd_get_capset_info #返回capset版本
    virgl_renderer_get_cap_set #获取max_version:2和max_size:688
    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response #返回给前端,virgl_process_cmd处理完毕
virtio_gpu_get_edid #获取edid
    virtio_gpu_generate_edid #由qemu生成,包含product,video,screen,display,color,blocks等
    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response #答复非前端
virtio_gpu_get_display_info #
virgl_cmd_context_create #3D创建context
    virgl_renderer_context_create #virgl创建
virgl_cmd_set_scanout
virgl_cmd_transfer_to_host_2d
virgl_cmd_set_scanout
virgl_cmd_resource_flush
...
virgl_cmd_ctx_attach_resource #3D attach资源
    virgl_renderer_ctx_attach_resource
virgl_cmd_create_resource_3d #创建3D资源
    virgl_renderer_resource_create 
virgl_cmd_submit_3d #3D提交,将out_sg内容拷贝提交给virgl,传递的是out_sg地址,不传递数据
    g_malloc #申请4136字节内存
    iov_to_buf #iov为cmd->elem.out_sg(已转为HVA),将out_sg内容拷贝到buf
    virgl_renderer_submit_cmd #将buf提交给virgl
  • 6 virtio_gpu_virgl_process_cmd:CMD命令统计
 #统计运行glxgear 5秒各个CMD运行在后端执行次数
 VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3D   命令字调用最频繁并有内存拷贝,其他命令字没有内存拷贝
4.4.4 Fence同步机制
  • virtio_gpu_virgl_init. qemu在处理ctrl cmd前初始化virgl和fence_poll定时器
virtio_gpu_handle_ctrl
    |-> virtio_gpu_virgl_init
        /* 给virgl初始化函数传了virgl_renderer_callback */
        |-> virgl_renderer_init(g, 0, &virtio_gpu_3d_cbs)
        /* 创建ms级定时器,定时回调virtio_gpu_fence_poll */
        |-> g->fence_poll = timer_new_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, virtio_gpu_fence_poll, g);
  • virtio_gpu_3d_cbs. qemu注册给virglrender的callback
  static struct virgl_renderer_callbacks virtio_gpu_3d_cbs = {
    .version             = 1,
    .write_fence         = virgl_write_fence,
    .create_gl_context   = virgl_create_context,
    .destroy_gl_context  = virgl_destroy_context,
    .make_current        = virgl_make_context_current,
};
  • virgl_renderer_create_fence.qemu创建fence_id
virtio_gpu_virgl_process_cmd
 /* cmd->cmd_hdr.flags为1的CMD触发创建fence;
 目前发现VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3D和VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_3D */
 virgl_renderer_create_fence /* 将cmd->cmd_hdr.fence_id给下去即可 */
   |-> vrend_renderer_create_ctx0_fence
       |-> vrend_renderer_create_fence
           |-> malloc /* vrend_fence结构,将fence_id,ctx,flgs赋值 */
           |-> fence->glsyncobj = glFenceSync(GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE, 0);
           /* glFenceSync创建一个新的fence同步对象,将fence命令插入GL命令流并将其与该同步对象相关联,并返回与该同步对象相对应的非零名称 */
           /* 当fence命令满足了同步对象的指定条件时,GL将用信号通知同步对象,从而使所有在同步中阻塞的glWaitSync和glClientWaitSync命令解除阻塞 */
           |-> glFlush()
  • virgl_write_fence. 通知给前端fence信息
//从fenceq检测fence_id是否大于fence;将小于该值的,发送response通知前端。
ctx0_fence_retire /* in virglrenderer */
    |-> QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE /* 编译fenceq */
    /* cmd->cmd_hdr.fence_id > fence的cmd通知前端*/
    |-> virtio_gpu_ctrl_response_nodata /* 将cmd_hdr拷贝回去,携带fence信息 */
    |-> g_free(cmd) 
  • virtio_gpu_fence_poll. qemu发起检查retire fence并通知前端
 virtio_gpu_handle_ctrl
     |-> virtio_gpu_process_cmdq
     |-> virtio_gpu_virgl_fence_poll /* 每一次处理cmdq后,都要pull fence */
         |-> virgl_renderer_poll /* virglrenderer处理 */
             |-> vrend_renderer_poll /* 未使用use_async_fence_cb */
                 |-> vrend_renderer_check_fences
                     |-> vrend_renderer_force_ctx_0 /* 切换到ctx0 */
                     |-> do_wait(fence, /* can_block */ false))  /* glClientWaitSync等待fence */
                     /* 将fence加入到retired_fences链表,其不会被signal */
                     |-> vrend_renderer_check_queries /* atomic_store */
                     /* 对retired_fences链表进行write操作 */
                     |-> ctx0_fence_retire /* ctx->fence_retire回调 */
                     /* cbs->write_fence回调,实际为qemu初始化virgl时设置的virtio_gpu_3d_cbs */
                     |-> virgl_write_fence 
         |-> virtio_gpu_process_cmdq
         |-> timer_mod /* 将定时器延长10ms */

4.5 Virglrenderer

4.5.1 流程
  1. virtio-gpu后端3D CMD都会依赖virglrenderer的接口
  2. virglrenderer初始化. virtio_gpu_handle_ctrl -> virgl_renderer_init
  3. Context初始化. VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_CREATE -> 初始化context
  a. vrend_decode_ctx_init_base #检查decode_table和注册3D指令回调
     ctx->destroy = vrend_decode_ctx_destroy;
     ctx->attach_resource = vrend_decode_ctx_attach_resource;
     ctx->detach_resource = vrend_decode_ctx_detach_resource;
     ctx->transfer_3d = vrend_decode_ctx_transfer_3d;
     ctx->get_blob = vrend_decode_ctx_get_blob;
     ctx->submit_cmd = vrend_decode_ctx_submit_cmd;
     ctx->get_fencing_fd = vrend_decode_ctx_get_fencing_fd;
     ctx->retire_fences = vrend_decode_ctx_retire_fences;
     ctx->submit_fence = vrend_decode_ctx_submit_fence;
  b. vrend_create_context #初始化grctx
  1. 3D解码. virglrender从VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3D携带的buf中解析VIRGL_CCMD
 VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3D
    | /* 向virglrender提交(buf,ctx_id,word_size) */
    | /* virglrender从buf中解析VIRGL_CCMD */
    |-> vrend_decode_ctx_submit_cmd() /* buf包含多个virgl_cmd */
        |-> decode_table[VIRGL_CCMD] /* 针对不同VIRGL_CCMD回调 */
4.5.2 decode_table
  1. decode_table[cmd]. virgl 3D解码表,根据buf中virgl cmd调用不同方法进行解码
/* virglrender从buf中解析VIRGL_CCMD */
vrend_decode_ctx_submit_cmd() /* vrend_decode.c:buf包含多个virgl_cmd */
    buf_size = 4136, sizeof(uint32_t)=4, buf_total=4136/4= 1034 bytes
    uint32_t len = *buf >> 16;  /* *buf意为buf[0],前4字节内容;右移16位意为取高2字节为len */
    uint32_t cmd = *buf & 0xff; /* 与0xff取&,意为取*buf的前16个位,即buf的前2个字节为cmd */

在这里插入图片描述

// 如上图为buf: 起始地址0x5555587dd400,*buf为0x03ff002c,len为高位0x03ff,cmd为低位0x002c
// 第1个CCMD常为占位CMD,空实现
// 第2个CCMD起始为0x5555587dd400+0x1000 ((0x03ff+1)*4) = 0x5555587de400
while(buf_offset < buf_total) // buf前1024*4字节为头,后面每个CCMD长度为len+1(len为payload长度,单位4字节)
  decode_table[VIRGL_CCMD] /* 针对不同VIRGL_CCMD回调 */
    /* cmd=44 len=1023,buf_offset=1024*/
    vrend_decode_dummy /* CCMD0:VIRGL_CCMD_NOP 空实现 */
    /*  len=1 cmd=29 buf_offset=1026 */
    vrend_decode_create_sub_ctx  /* CCMD2:VIRGL_CCMD_CREATE_SUB_CTX */
       /* payload为ctx_sub_id */
       glGenFramebuffers/glBindFramebuffer
    vrend_decode_set_sub_ctx /* CCMD3:VIRGL_CCMD_SET_SUB_CTX */
    vrend_decode_set_tweaks  /* CCMD4:VIRGL_CCMD_SET_TWEAKS */
    vrend_decode_set_tweaks  /* CCMD5:VIRGL_CCMD_SET_TWEAKS */
  1. buf格式说明.buf包含多个CCMD,每个CCMD包含cmd+len+payload,cmd+len占4个字节,payload占len*4字节,如下图为ccmd示意图:

在这里插入图片描述
buf中CCMD填充

4.5.3 VIRGL_CCMD介绍
  • virgl_context_cmd是VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3D在virglrender环境中3D解码表,统称VIRGL_CCMD,每条命令基本都依赖一系列OpenGL接口实现
  • virgl_context_cmd支持的命令列表:
VIRGL_CCMD描述
VIRGL_CCMD_NOP = 0vrend_decode_dummy
VIRGL_CCMD_CREATE_OBJECT = 1vrend_decode_create_object
VIRGL_CCMD_BIND_OBJECTvrend_decode_bind_object
VIRGL_CCMD_DESTROY_OBJECTvrend_decode_destroy_object
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_VIEWPORT_STATEvrend_decode_set_viewport_state
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_FRAMEBUFFER_STATEvrend_decode_set_framebuffer_state
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_VERTEX_BUFFERSvrend_decode_set_vertex_buffers
VIRGL_CCMD_CLEARvrend_decode_clear
VIRGL_CCMD_DRAW_VBOvrend_decode_draw_vbo
VIRGL_CCMD_RESOURCE_INLINE_WRITEvrend_decode_resource_inline_write
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_SAMPLER_VIEWSvrend_decode_set_sampler_views
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_INDEX_BUFFERvrend_decode_set_index_buffer
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_CONSTANT_BUFFERvrend_decode_set_constant_buffer
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_STENCIL_REFvrend_decode_set_stencil_ref
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_BLEND_COLORvrend_decode_set_blend_color
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_SCISSOR_STATEvrend_decode_set_scissor_state
VIRGL_CCMD_BLITvrend_decode_blit
VIRGL_CCMD_RESOURCE_COPY_REGIONvrend_decode_resource_copy_region
VIRGL_CCMD_BIND_SAMPLER_STATESvrend_decode_bind_sampler_states
VIRGL_CCMD_BEGIN_QUERYvrend_decode_begin_query
VIRGL_CCMD_END_QUERYvrend_decode_end_query
VIRGL_CCMD_GET_QUERY_RESULTvrend_decode_get_query_result
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_POLYGON_STIPPLEvrend_decode_set_polygon_stipple
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_CLIP_STATEvrend_decode_set_clip_state
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_SAMPLE_MASKvrend_decode_set_sample_mask
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_STREAMOUT_TARGETSvrend_decode_set_streamout_targets
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_RENDER_CONDITIONvrend_decode_set_render_condition
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_UNIFORM_BUFFERvrend_decode_set_uniform_buffer
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_SUB_CTXvrend_decode_set_sub_ctx
VIRGL_CCMD_CREATE_SUB_CTXvrend_decode_create_sub_ctx
VIRGL_CCMD_DESTROY_SUB_CTXvrend_decode_destroy_sub_ctx
VIRGL_CCMD_BIND_SHADERvrend_decode_bind_shader
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_TESS_STATEvrend_decode_set_tess_state
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_MIN_SAMPLESvrend_decode_set_min_samples
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_SHADER_BUFFERSvrend_decode_set_shader_buffers
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_SHADER_IMAGESvrend_decode_set_shader_images
VIRGL_CCMD_MEMORY_BARRIERvrend_decode_memory_barrier
VIRGL_CCMD_LAUNCH_GRIDvrend_decode_launch_grid
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_FRAMEBUFFER_STATE_NO_ATTACHvrend_decode_set_framebuffer_state_no_attach
VIRGL_CCMD_TEXTURE_BARRIERvrend_decode_texture_barrier
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_ATOMIC_BUFFERSvrend_decode_set_atomic_buffers
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_DEBUG_FLAGSvrend_decode_set_debug_mask
VIRGL_CCMD_GET_QUERY_RESULT_QBOvrend_decode_get_query_result_qbo
VIRGL_CCMD_TRANSFER3Dvrend_decode_transfer3d
VIRGL_CCMD_END_TRANSFERSvrend_decode_dummy
VIRGL_CCMD_COPY_TRANSFER3Dvrend_decode_copy_transfer3d
VIRGL_CCMD_SET_TWEAKSvrend_decode_set_tweaks
VIRGL_CCMD_CLEAR_TEXTUREvrend_decode_clear_texture
VIRGL_CCMD_PIPE_RESOURCE_CREATEvrend_decode_pipe_resource_create
VIRGL_CCMD_PIPE_RESOURCE_SET_TYPEvrend_decode_pipe_resource_set_type
VIRGL_CCMD_GET_MEMORY_INFOvrend_decode_get_memory_info
VIRGL_CCMD_SEND_STRING_MARKERvrend_decode_send_string_marker
VIRGL_CCMD_LINK_SHADERvrend_decode_link_shader
VIRGL_CCMD_CREATE_VIDEO_CODECvrend_decode_create_video_codec
VIRGL_CCMD_DESTROY_VIDEO_CODECvrend_decode_destroy_video_codec
VIRGL_CCMD_CREATE_VIDEO_BUFFERvrend_decode_create_video_buffer
VIRGL_CCMD_DESTROY_VIDEO_BUFFERvrend_decode_destroy_video_buffer
VIRGL_CCMD_BEGIN_FRAMEvrend_decode_begin_frame
VIRGL_CCMD_DECODE_MACROBLOCKvrend_decode_dummy
VIRGL_CCMD_DECODE_BITSTREAMvrend_decode_decode_bitstream
VIRGL_CCMD_ENCODE_BITSTREAMvrend_decode_encode_bitstream
VIRGL_CCMD_END_FRAMEvrend_decode_end_frame
VIRGL_MAX_COMMANDS

5 DEBUG

5.1 GDB调试内核

  • 1 编译内核
#安装依赖
sudo apt-get install  libncurses5-dev   openssl libssl-dev build-essential pkg-config libc6-dev bison flex libelf-dev zlibc minizip libidn11-dev libidn11 -y
uname -r 
#下载一个与当前ubuntu版本接近的内核源码
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.11.10.tar.gz
tar xvf linux-5.11.10.tar.gz

make mrproper
#可以使用xconfig配置,依赖qt5
sudo apt install qt5-default
make xconfig 

#或者拷贝原ubuntu配置
cp -v /boot/config-$(uname -r) .config
make localmodconfig
#全都默认回车
 - CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y在5.11默认已打开
 - 关闭KASLR
Processor type and features ---->
    [ ] Randomize the address of the kernel image (KASLR)
  • .config中置空SIG_KEY引用的文件,参考如下:在这里插入图片描述
#编译内核
make bzImage -j6
#编译模块
make modules -j6
sudo make modules_install 
  • 2 制作启动文件. 用于更新ubuntu内核
#必须要/lib目录的modules,不然无法生成initrd
mkinitramfs /lib/modules/5.11.10/ -o ./modules-vm/initrd.img-5.11.10-generic
#将bzImage System.map initrd.img-5.11.10-generic拷贝到目标Linux的/boot目录
cp initrd.img-5.11.10-generic /boot/initrd.img-5.11.10-generic
cp arch/x86/boot/bzImage    /boot/vmlinuz-5.11.10-generic
cp ./System.map    /boot/System.map-5.11.10
  • 3 更新grub. 检查grub.cfg是否更改
cd /boot/grub/ ; update-grub2
  • 2 qemu debug kernel
#前提:重新编译内核,增加内核调试。还是没能成功给内核打断点
#此处使用qemu 4.2调试内核,查看内核virtio-gpu流程 
#qemu启动增加  -s -S参数
#gdb debug编译的内核
gdb vmlinux
(gdb) target remote localhost:1234
(gdb) b start_kernel

5.2 GDB调试qemu

  • 编译qemu带上–enable-debug 参数, smp建议使用单核
gdb ./qemu-system-x86_64
(gdb) set args --enable-kvm -m 1024 -smp 1 -serial stdio -vga virtio -display gtk,gl=on ../ubuntu.img
(gdb) b virtio_gpu_class_init
(gdb) r

5.3 qemu trace events

  • 0 在qemu中跟踪一些函数调用次数和调用结果,可以使用qemu trace events
  • 1 编译qemu时默认–enable-trace-backends=log
  • 2 将trace events写到/tmp/events文件
#events参考qemu trace-events文件
echo "virtio_gpu_cmd_get_display_info" >> /tmp/events
echo "virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_3d" >> /tmp/events
  • 3 启动qemu时增加-trace events=/tmp/events,-D输出qemu日志到文件
./qemu-system-x86_64-ori --enable-kvm -m 1024 -smp 1 -serial stdio -vga virtio -display gtk,gl=on ../../ubuntu.img -trace events=/tmp/events -D qemu.log
  • 4 查看qemu.log记录trace事件
3742117@1669195454.235531:virtio_gpu_cmd_get_display_info
3742117@1669195469.487838:virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_3d res 0x3, fmt 0x43, w 1, h 1, d 1
3742117@1669195469.550025:virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_3d res 0x4, fmt 0x2, w 640, h 480, d 1

6 问题解决

    1. 安装libepoxy时PolicyKit daemon: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Error.Failed: No session for cookie
sudo apt install policykit-1-gnome
/usr/lib/policykit-1-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 &
    1. 编译mesa builddir/,缺少很多依赖
C shared or static library 'elf' not found --> sudo apt-get install libelf-dev
Dependency "wayland-scanner" not found --> sudo apt-get install libwayland-dev
Dependency "wayland-protocols" not found --> sudo apt-get install wayland-protocols
Dependency "xdamage" not found --> sudo apt-get install libxdamage-dev
Dependency "xcb-glx" not found --> sudo apt-get install libxcb-glx0-dev
Dependency "xcb-shm" not found --> sudo apt-get install libxcb-shm0-dev
Dependency "x11-xcb" not found --> sudo apt-get install libx11-xcb-dev
Dependency "xcb-dri2" not found --> sudo apt-get install libxcb-dri2-0-dev
Dependency "xcb-dri3" not found --> sudo apt-get install libxcb-dri3-dev
Dependency "xcb-present" not found --> sudo apt-get install libxcb-present-dev
Dependency "xshmfence" not found --> sudo apt-get install libxshmfence-dev
Dependency "xxf86vm" not found --> sudo apt-get install libxxf86vm-dev
Dependency "xrandr" not found --> sudo apt-get install libxrandr-dev
    1. Couldn’t find current GLX or EGL
#vmvare player和native ubuntu遇到epoxy问题
qemu-system-x86_64: ../src/dispatch_common.c:863: epoxy_get_proc_address: Assertion `0 && "Couldn't find current GLX or EGL context.\n"' failed.

– 谷歌看起来没有很好的解决方法。应该是qemu版本问题,使用更新的

    1. 搭建virtualbox环境
共享粘贴板:设备 -> 共享粘贴板 ->  双向
调整分辨率: Ctrl + C;设备 -> 安装增强功能 -> CD -> 安装软件 ->  重启 -> 视图 -> 自动调整窗口尺寸
qemu_gl_create_compile_shader: compile fragment error
0:2(10): error: GLSL ES 3.00 is not supported. Supported versions are: 1.10, 1.20, and 1.00 ES
 -- virtual box支持GLSL ES版本太低(1.0,而物理机3.2),跑不了virgl

8 参考

virtio-gpu原理
virtio-gpu官博
前后端

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