0.学习笔记来源
https://www.imooc.com/video/10688
1.抓取步骤
2.如何确定抓取策略：
- 1.url格式
- 2.数据格式
- 3.页面编码
点击右键审查元素
查看关键的标签对和网页的编码
3.百度百科相关词条信息
注意：目前是定向爬虫，爬取的数据策略可能随着网站更新而变化
4.启动模块-main
# coding=utf-8
#!/usr/bin/python
from baike_spider import url_manager, html_download, html_parser, html_outputer
class SpiderMain(object):
def __init__(self):
# URL 管理器
self.urls = url_manager.UrlManager()
# URL 下载器
self.downloader = html_download.HtmlDownload()
# URL 解析器
self.parser = html_parser.HtmlParser()
# URL 输出器
self.outputer = html_outputer.HtmlOutputer()
# 爬虫的调度程序
def craw(self, root_url):
count = 1
self.urls.add_new_url(root_url)
while self.urls.has_new_url():
try:
# 获取待爬取的 URL
new_url = self.urls.get_new_url()
print("craw %d : %s" % (count, new_url))
html_content = self.downloader.downloader(new_url)
new_urls, new_data = self.parser.parse(new_url, html_content)
self.urls.add_new_urls(new_urls)
self.outputer.collect_data(new_data)
# 只爬取 1000 条的数据
if(count == 1000):
break
count = count + 1
except:
print("craw failed")
self.outputer.output_html()
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 入口 URL:百度百科的 Python 相关的百度词条
root_url = "https://baike.baidu.com/item/Python/407313"
obj_spider = SpiderMain()
# 启动爬虫
obj_spider.craw(root_url)
5.URL 管理器
# coding=utf-8
#!/usr/bin/python
# URL 管理器
class UrlManager(object):
def __init__(self):
self.new_urls = set()
self.old_urls = set()
def add_new_url(self, url):
if url is None:
return
if url not in self.new_urls and url not in self.old_urls:
self.new_urls.add(url)
#print("add_new_url", url)
def add_new_urls(self, urls):
if urls is None or len(urls) == 0:
return
for url in urls:
self.add_new_url(url)
def has_new_url(self):
return len(self.new_urls) != 0
def get_new_url(self):
# 取出并且移除
new_url = self.new_urls.pop()
self.old_urls.add(new_url)
#print("get_new_url", new_url)
return new_url
6.HTML 下载器
# coding=utf-8
#!/usr/bin/python
'''
HTML 下载器
'''
import urllib.request
class HtmlDownload(object):
def downloader(self, url):
if url is None:
return None
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
if response.getcode() != 200:
print("response.getcode() =", response.getcode())
return None
return response.read()
7.Html 解析器
# coding=utf-8
#!/usr/bin/python
'''
Html 解析器
传入 url 解析新的url列表（title 和 summary）
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
from urllib.parse import urlparse
from urllib.parse import urljoin
import urllib.parse
class HtmlParser(object):
def _get_new_urls(self, page_url, soup):
new_urls = set()
# 获取所有的链接，例如a 标签
'''
<a class="lock-lemma" target="_blank" href="/view/10812319.htm"
'''
links = soup.find_all('a', href=re.compile(r"/item/"))
for link in links:
new_url = link['href']
# 拼接 url
# python 2x
# new_full_url = urlparse.urljoin(page_url, new_url)
new_full_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(page_url, new_url)
new_urls.add(new_full_url)
return new_urls
def _get_new_data(self, page_url, soup):
res_data = {}
# Url
res_data['url'] = page_url
# F12 右键Pyton-查看(N)
'''
<dd class="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title">
<h1>Python</h1>
<h2>（计算机程序设计语言）</h2>
<a href="javascript:;" class="edit-lemma cmn-btn-hover-blue cmn-btn-28 j-edit-link" style="display: inline-block;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
<a class="lock-lemma" target="_blank" href="/view/10812319.htm" title="锁定"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_lock-lemma"></em>锁定</a>
</dd>
'''
title_node = soup.find(
'dd', class_='lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title').find("h1")
res_data['title'] = title_node.get_text()
'''
<div class="lemma-summary" label-module="lemmaSummary">
<div class="para" label-module="para">Python<sup>[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_21087"> </a>
（英国发音：/ˈpaɪθən/ 美国发音：/ˈpaɪθɑːn/）, 是一种面向对象的解释型<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80">计算机程序设计语言</a>，由荷兰人<a target="_blank" href="/item/Guido%20van%20Rossum">Guido van Rossum</a>于1989年发明，第一个公开发行版发行于1991年。</div><div class="para" label-module="para">Python是纯粹的<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6">自由软件</a>， <a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%BA%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81/3969" data-lemmaid="3969">源代码</a>和<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E5%99%A8">解释器</a>CPython遵循 <a target="_blank" href="/item/GPL">GPL</a>(<a target="_blank" href="/item/GNU">GNU</a> General Public License)协议。Python语法简洁清晰，特色之一是强制用空白符(white space)作为语句缩进。</div><div class="para" label-module="para">Python具有丰富和强大的库。它常被昵称为<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E8%83%B6%E6%B0%B4%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80">胶水语言</a>，能够把用其他语言制作的各种模块（尤其是<a target="_blank" href="/item/C/7252092" data-lemmaid="7252092">C</a>/<a target="_blank" href="/item/C%2B%2B">C++</a>）很轻松地联结在一起。常见的一种应用情形是，使用Python快速生成程序的原型（有时甚至是程序的最终界面），然后对其中有特别要求的部分，用更合适的语言改写，比如<a target="_blank" href="/item/3D%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F">3D游戏</a>中的图形渲染模块，性能要求特别高，就可以用C/C++重写，而后封装为Python可以调用的扩展类库。需要注意的是在您使用扩展类库时可能需要考虑平台问题，某些可能不提供<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E8%B7%A8%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0">跨平台</a>的实现。</div><div class="para" label-module="para">7月20日，IEEE发布2017年编程语言排行榜：Python高居首位<sup>[2]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[2]_21087"> </a>
。</div>
</div>
'''
summary_node = soup.find('div', class_="lemma-summary")
res_data['summary'] = summary_node.get_text()
return res_data
def parse(self, page_url, html_content):
if page_url is None or html_content is None:
return
#print('parse html_content = ', html_content)
soup = BeautifulSoup(
html_content, 'html.parser', from_encoding='utf-8')
new_urls = self._get_new_urls(page_url, soup)
new_data = self._get_new_data(page_url, soup)
return new_urls, new_data
8.Html 输出器
# coding=utf-8
#!/usr/bin/python
'''
Html 输出器
'''
class HtmlOutputer(object):
def __init__(self):
self.datas = []
def collect_data(self, data):
if data is None:
return
#print("collect_data = ", data)
self.datas.append(data)
def output_html(self):
fout = open('output.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
fout.write('<html>')
fout.write('<body>')
fout.write('<table>')
for data in self.datas:
fout.write('<tr>')
fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['url'])
fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['title'])
fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['summary'])
fout.write('</tr>')
fout.write('</table>')
fout.write('</body>')
fout.write('</html>')
fout.close()
9.运行结果
爬取1000个百科相关网页，并解析title和summary
file:///D:/EclipseProject/GrawDemo/baike_spider/output.html
1910
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
