Datawhale 零基础入门数据挖掘-Task3 特征工程

Datawhale 零基础入门数据挖掘-Task3 特征工程

特征工程目标

完成特征工程的分析，并对于数据进行处理以及总结

导入数据

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from operator import itemgetter

%matplotlib inline

path = '../data/used_car/'
Train_data = pd.read_csv(path+'used_car_train_20200313.csv', sep=' ')
Test_data = pd.read_csv(path+'used_car_testA_20200313.csv', sep=' ')
print(Train_data.shape)
print(Test_data.shape)

(150000, 31)
(50000, 30)

删除异常值

# 这里我包装了一个异常值处理的代码，可以随便调用。
def outliers_proc(data, col_name, scale=3):
    """
    用于清洗异常值，默认用 box_plot（scale=3）进行清洗
    :param data: 接收 pandas 数据格式
    :param col_name: pandas 列名
    :param scale: 尺度
    :return:
    """

    def box_plot_outliers(data_ser, box_scale):
        """
        利用箱线图去除异常值
        :param data_ser: 接收 pandas.Series 数据格式
        :param box_scale: 箱线图尺度，
        :return:
        """
        iqr = box_scale * (data_ser.quantile(0.75) - data_ser.quantile(0.25))
        val_low = data_ser.quantile(0.25) - iqr
        val_up = data_ser.quantile(0.75) + iqr
        rule_low = (data_ser < val_low)
        rule_up = (data_ser > val_up)
        return (rule_low, rule_up), (val_low, val_up)

    data_n = data.copy()
    data_series = data_n[col_name]
    rule, value = box_plot_outliers(data_series, box_scale=scale)
    index = np.arange(data_series.shape[0])[rule[0] | rule[1]]
    print("Delete number is: {}".format(len(index)))
    data_n = data_n.drop(index)
    data_n.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)
    print("Now column number is: {}".format(data_n.shape[0]))
    index_low = np.arange(data_series.shape[0])[rule[0]]
    outliers = data_series.iloc[index_low]
    print("Description of data less than the lower bound is:")
    print(pd.Series(outliers).describe())
    index_up = np.arange(data_series.shape[0])[rule[1]]
    outliers = data_series.iloc[index_up]
    print("Description of data larger than the upper bound is:")
    print(pd.Series(outliers).describe())
    
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10, 7))
    sns.boxplot(y=data[col_name], data=data, palette="Set1", ax=ax[0])
    sns.boxplot(y=data_n[col_name], data=data_n, palette="Set1", ax=ax[1])
    return data_n

# 删除 power异常值
Train_data = outliers_proc(Train_data, 'power', scale=3)

Delete number is: 963
Now column number is: 149037
Description of data less than the lower bound is:
count    0.0
mean     NaN
std      NaN
min      NaN
25%      NaN
50%      NaN
75%      NaN
max      NaN
Name: power, dtype: float64
Description of data larger than the upper bound is:
count      963.000000
mean       846.836968
std       1929.418081
min        376.000000
25%        400.000000
50%        436.000000
75%        514.000000
max      19312.000000
Name: power, dtype: float64

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特征构造

# 训练集与测试合并
# 训练集和测试集放在一起，方便构造特征
Train_data['train']=1
Test_data['train']=0
data = pd.concat([Train_data, Test_data], ignore_index=True)

# 构造特征：用户使用时间。 注意：此处有时间格式解析失败的情况
data['used_time'] = (pd.to_datetime(data['creatDate'], format='%Y%m%d', errors='coerce') - 
                            pd.to_datetime(data['regDate'], format='%Y%m%d', errors='coerce')).dt.days

# 查看新构建特征的缺失值情况
data['used_time'].isnull().sum()

15072

# 构造特征： 城市
data['city'] = data['regionCode'].apply(lambda x : str(x)[:-3])
data = data

data['city']=np.where(data['city']=='', data.city.median, data.city)

# 统计品牌维度销售特征
Train_gb = Train_data.groupby("brand")
all_info = {}
for kind, kind_data in Train_gb:
    info = {}
    kind_data = kind_data[kind_data['price'] > 0]
    info['brand_qtty'] = len(kind_data)
    info['brand_amount'] = kind_data.price.sum()
    info['brand_price_max'] = kind_data.price.max()
    info['brand_price_median'] = kind_data.price.median()
    info['brand_price_min'] = kind_data.price.min()
    info['brand_price_sum'] = kind_data.price.sum()
    info['brand_price_std'] = kind_data.price.std()
    info['brand_price_average'] = round(kind_data.price.sum() / (len(kind_data) + 1), 2)
    all_info[kind] = info
brand_fe = pd.DataFrame(all_info).T.reset_index().rename(columns={"index": "brand"})
data = data.merge(brand_fe, how='left', on='brand')

# 数据分桶
bin = [i*10 for i in range(31)]
data['power_bin'] = pd.cut(data['power'], bin, labels=False)
data[['power_bin', 'power']].head()

	power_bin	power
0	5.0	60
1	NaN	0
2	16.0	163
3	19.0	193
4	6.0	68

# 去除不需要的特征
data = data.drop(['creatDate', 'regDate', 'regionCode'], axis=1)

print(data.shape)
data.columns

(199037, 40)





Index(['SaleID', 'name', 'model', 'brand', 'bodyType', 'fuelType', 'gearbox',
       'power', 'kilometer', 'notRepairedDamage', 'seller', 'offerType',
       'price', 'v_0', 'v_1', 'v_2', 'v_3', 'v_4', 'v_5', 'v_6', 'v_7', 'v_8',
       'v_9', 'v_10', 'v_11', 'v_12', 'v_13', 'v_14', 'train', 'used_time',
       'city', 'brand_qtty', 'brand_amount', 'brand_price_max',
       'brand_price_median', 'brand_price_min', 'brand_price_sum',
       'brand_price_std', 'brand_price_average', 'power_bin'],
      dtype='object')

Train_data['power'].plot.hist()

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x126dd72e8>

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# power取 log，在做归一化
data['power'] = np.log(data['power'] + 1) 
data['power'] = ((data['power'] - np.min(data['power'])) / (np.max(data['power']) - np.min(data['power'])))
data['power'].plot.hist()

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x126bb12e8>

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data['kilometer'].plot.hist()

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x127257438>

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#  kilometer可直接归一化
data['kilometer'] = ((data['kilometer'] - np.min(data['kilometer'])) / 
                        (np.max(data['kilometer']) - np.min(data['kilometer'])))
data['kilometer'].plot.hist()

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1281155c0>

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def max_min(x):
    return (x - np.min(x)) / (np.max(x) - np.min(x))

data['brand_qtty'] = max_min(data['brand_qtty'] )
data['brand_amount'] = max_min(data['brand_amount'])
data['brand_price_average'] = max_min(data['brand_price_average'])
data['brand_price_max'] = max_min(data['brand_price_max'])
data['brand_price_median'] = max_min(data['brand_price_median'])
data['brand_price_min'] = max_min(data['brand_price_min'])
data['brand_price_std'] = max_min(data['brand_price_std'])
data['brand_price_sum'] = max_min(data['brand_price_sum'])

# 对类别特征进行 OneEncoder
data = pd.get_dummies(data, columns=['model', 'brand', 'bodyType', 'fuelType',
                                     'gearbox', 'notRepairedDamage', 'power_bin'])

print(data.shape)
data.columns

(199037, 371)





Index(['SaleID', 'name', 'power', 'kilometer', 'seller', 'offerType', 'price',
       'v_0', 'v_1', 'v_2',
       ...
       'power_bin_20.0', 'power_bin_21.0', 'power_bin_22.0', 'power_bin_23.0',
       'power_bin_24.0', 'power_bin_25.0', 'power_bin_26.0', 'power_bin_27.0',
       'power_bin_28.0', 'power_bin_29.0'],
      dtype='object', length=371)

特征选择

过滤式

# 相关性分析
print(data['power'].corr(data['price'], method='spearman'))
print(data['kilometer'].corr(data['price'], method='spearman'))
print(data['brand_amount'].corr(data['price'], method='spearman'))
print(data['brand_price_average'].corr(data['price'], method='spearman'))
print(data['brand_price_max'].corr(data['price'], method='spearman'))
print(data['brand_price_median'].corr(data['price'], method='spearman'))

0.5728285196051496
-0.4082569701616764
0.142507378301978
0.3834909576057687
0.259066833880992
0.38691042393409447

# 当然也可以直接看图
data_numeric = data[['power', 'kilometer', 'brand_amount', 'brand_price_average', 
                     'brand_price_max', 'brand_price_median']]
correlation = data_numeric.corr()

f , ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7, 7))
plt.title('Correlation of Numeric Features with Price',y=1,size=16)
sns.heatmap(correlation,square = True,  vmax=0.8)

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x128211828>

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包裹式

# k_feature
from mlxtend.feature_selection import SequentialFeatureSelector as SFS
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
sfs = SFS(LinearRegression(),
           k_features=10,
           forward=True,
           floating=False,
           scoring = 'r2',
           cv = 0)
x = data.drop(['price'], axis=1)
np.isinf(np.mean(x))
# y = data['price']
# sfs.fit(x, y)
# sfs.k_feature_names_ 

SaleID            False
name              False
power             False
kilometer         False
seller            False
                  ...  
power_bin_25.0    False
power_bin_26.0    False
power_bin_27.0    False
power_bin_28.0    False
power_bin_29.0    False
Length: 369, dtype: bool