Python requests HTTP验证登录（解决401错误）

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-29 10:42:30 发布

sungeme

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-29 10:42:30 发布

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文章标签： pytest

原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/rainbow-tan/p/13049297.html

版权

1、场景

1）用户输入完网址后，浏览器直接弹出需要输入用户名/密码

PS：此时输入用户名密码即可登录，或者直接带着用户名密码访问网站。

假设url为http://xxx.yyy.zzz

用户名为admin

密码为123456

则访问的网址应该为http://admin:123456@xxx.yyy.zzz【http://username:password@url】

直接访问改网址即可

2）利用requests.get(url)返回状态码为401

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-import requests

if__name__ == '__main__':

url = 'http://xxxxx.yyyyyy'

response = requests.get(url=url)

status_code = response.status_code

print status_code

text = response.text

print text

运行

401

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN""" target="_blank">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"" target="_blank">>

<html xmlns="" target="_blank">http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"" target="_blank">>

<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>

<title>401 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials.</title>

<style type="text/css">

<!--

body{margin:0;font-size:.7em;font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;background:#EEEEEE;}fieldset{padding:0 15px 10px 15px;}

h1{font-size:2.4em;margin:0;color:#FFF;}

h2{font-size:1.7em;margin:0;color:#CC0000;}

h3{font-size:1.2em;margin:10px 0 0 0;color:#000000;}

#header{width:96%;margin:0 0 0 0;padding:6px 2% 6px 2%;font-family:"trebuchet MS", Verdana, sans-serif;color:#FFF;

background-color:#555555;}

#content{margin:0 0 0 2%;position:relative;}

.content-container{background:#FFF;width:96%;margin-top:8px;padding:10px;position:relative;}

-->

</style>

</head>

<body>

<div id="header"><h1>Server Error</h1></div>

<div id="content">

<div class="content-container"><fieldset>

<h2>401 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials.</h2>

<h3>You do not have permission to view this directory or page using the credentials that you supplied.</h3>

</fieldset></div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

2、HTTP基础验证

这是一种简单的身份认证，它是通过http的authorization请求头中，携带经过base64加密的用户名和密码而实现的一种认证

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-import requests

from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

if__name__ == '__main__':

url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'

user = 'admin'

password = '123456'

response = requests.get(url=url, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(user, password))

# 或者# response = requests.get(url=url, auth=(user, password))print response.status_code

3、摘要式身份认证

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-import requests

from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth

if__name__ == '__main__':

url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'

user = 'admin'

password = '123456'

response = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(user, password))

print response.status_code

如果2和3都不行，还是返回401，此时可以试试第4种

使用2和3依旧返回401,此时可以print出response.headers看一下

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-import requests

from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth

if__name__ == '__main__':

url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'

user = 'admin'

password = '123456'

response = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(user, password))

print response.status_code

print response.headers

运行

401

{'Content-Length': '1293', 'X-Powered-By': 'ASP.NET', 'Server': 'Microsoft-IIS/7.5', 'Date': 'Fri, 05 Jun 2020 05:36:23 GMT', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'WWW-Authenticate': 'Negotiate, NTLM'}

打印后可看到headers中带有字样'WWW-Authenticate': 'Negotiate, NTLM'，表示需要ntlm验证，此时尝试使用第4种

4、ntlm验证

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-import requests

from requests_ntlm import HttpNtlmAuth

if__name__ == '__main__':

url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'

user = 'admin'

password = '123456'

response = requests.get(url, auth=HttpNtlmAuth(user, password))

print response.status_code

print response.headers

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