1、interface类型定义了一组方法,如果某个对象实现了某个接口的所有方法,则此对象就实现了此接口;
2、interface可以被任意的对象实现,一个对象可以实现任意多个interface;
3、任意的类型都实现了空interface(interface{}),也就是包含0个method的interface;
4、对于一个interface的变量,该变量可以存储实现这个interface的任意类型的对象:
5、一个包含interface类型元素的slice,这个slice可以被赋予实现了该interface的任意结构的对象
package main
import "fmt"
type Human struct {
name string
age int
phone string
}
type Student struct {
Human
school string
loan float32
}
type Employee struct {
Human
company string
money float32
}
//Human实现SayHi方法
func (h Human) SayHi() {
fmt.Printf("Hi, I am %s you can call me on %s\n", h.name, h.phone)
}
//Human实现Sing方法
func (h Human) Sing(lyrics string) {
fmt.Println("La la la la...", lyrics)
}
//Employee重载Human的SayHi方法
func (e Employee) SayHi() {
fmt.Printf("Hi, I am %s, I work at %s. Call me on %s\n", e.name,
e.company, e.phone)
}
// Interface Men被Human,Student和Employee实现
// 因为这三个类型都实现了这两个方法
type Men interface {
SayHi()
Sing(lyrics string)
}
func main() {
mike := Student{Human{"Mike", 25, "222-222-XXX"}, "MIT", 0.00}
paul := Student{Human{"Paul", 26, "111-222-XXX"}, "Harvard", 100}
sam := Employee{Human{"Sam", 36, "444-222-XXX"}, "Golang Inc.", 1000}
Tom := Employee{Human{"Tom", 37, "222-444-XXX"}, "Things Ltd.", 5000}
var i Men //定义Men类型的变量i
i = mike //i能存储Student
fmt.Println("This is Mike, a Student:")
i.SayHi()
i.Sing("November rain")
i = Tom //i也能存储Employee
fmt.Println("This is Tom, an Employee:")
i.SayHi()
i.Sing("Born to be wild")
x := make([]Men, 3)
x[0], x[1], x[2] = paul, sam, mike
for _, value := range x{
value.SayHi()
}
}
//运行结果
This is Mike, a Student:
Hi, I am Mike you can call me on 222-222-XXX
La la la la... November rain
This is Tom, an Employee:
Hi, I am Tom, I work at Things Ltd.. Call me on 222-444-XXX
La la la la... Born to be wild
Hi, I am Paul you can call me on 111-222-XXX
Hi, I am Sam, I work at Golang Inc.. Call me on 444-222-XXX
Hi, I am Mike you can call me on 222-222-XXX
6、空interface(interface{})不包含任何的method,所以所有的类型都实现了空interface。空interface可以存储任意类型的数值:
var a interface{}
var i int = 5
s := "Hello world"
// a可以存储任意类型的数值
a = i
a = s
7、一个函数把interface{}作为参数,那么该函数可以接受任意类型的值作为参数,如果一个函数返回interface{},那么也就可以返回任意类型的值。
8、方法集
Values | Methods Receivers |
T | (t T) |
*T | (t T) 或者 (t *T) |
Methods Receivers | Values |
(t T) | T 或者 *T |
(t *T) | *T |
type notifier interface {notify()}
type user struct {
name string
email string
}
func (u *user) notify(){ fmt.Printf("Sending user email to %s<%s>\n", u.name, u.email) }
func main(){
u := user{"Bill", "bill@email.com"}
sendNotification(&u)
}
func sendNotification(n notifier){ n.notify() }
注意 sendNotification函数的参数类型为notifier接口类型,之后该函数调用notify方法。如果使用指针接收者(u *user)来实现一个接口,那么只有指向那个类型的指针(&u)才能实现对应的接口。如果使用值接收者来实现一个接口,那么那个类型的值和指针都能够实现对应的接口。