代理设计模式——实现九宫格界面

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-16 17:14:56 发布

Walden_tinghou

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-16 17:14:56 发布

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分类专栏： iOS开发 iOS开发-UI

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sunnyboy9/article/details/16116307

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1.先实现一个实例，然后用代理设计模式实现这个实例，并比较代理设计模式的好处

1.1程序实现效果如图：

1.2.实现步骤

1.2.1搭建界面

MJAppView.xib界面：

1.2.2 plist文件

1.2.3代码

//  MJApp.h

//  模型类:用来存放数据的类

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

/**
 copy : NSString
 strong: 一般对象
 weak: UI控件
 assign:基本数据类型
 */

@interface MJApp : NSObject
/**
 *  名称
 */
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
/**
 *  图标
 */
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *icon;

/**
 *  通过字典来初始化模型对象
 *
 *  @param dict 字典对象
 *
 *  @return 已经初始化完毕的模型对象
 */
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;

+ (instancetype)appWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
@end

//
//  MJApp.m


#import "MJApp.h"

@implementation MJApp
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.name = dict[@"name"];
        self.icon = dict[@"icon"];
    }
    return self;
}

+ (instancetype)appWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
    return [[self alloc] initWithDict:dict];
}
@end

//
//  MJAppView.h

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@class MJApp;

@interface MJAppView : UIView

/**
 *  模型数据
 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) MJApp *app;

+ (instancetype)appView;

/**
 *  通过模型数据来创建一个view
 */
+ (instancetype)appViewWithApp:(MJApp *)app;

@end

//
//  MJAppView.m


#import "MJAppView.h"
#import "MJApp.h"

@interface MJAppView()
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *iconView;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *nameLabel;
- (IBAction)download:(UIButton *)sender;
@end

@implementation MJAppView

+ (instancetype)appViewWithApp:(MJApp *)app
{
    NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];
    // 读取xib文件(会创建xib中的描述的所有对象,并且按顺序放到数组中返回)
    NSArray *objs = [bundle loadNibNamed:@"MJAppView" owner:nil options:nil];
    MJAppView *appView = [objs lastObject];
    appView.app = app;
    return appView;
}

+ (instancetype)appView
{
    return [self appViewWithApp:nil];
}

- (void)setApp:(MJApp *)app
{
    _app = app;
    
    // 1.设置图标
    self.iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:app.icon];
    
    // 2.设置名称
    self.nameLabel.text = app.name;
}

/**
 *  下载
 */
- (IBAction)download:(UIButton *)btn {
    // 1.让按钮失效(文字变为"已下载")
    btn.enabled = NO;
    
    // 2.显示下载成功的信息("成功下载xxx")
    UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] init];
    label.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"成功下载%@", self.app.name];
    label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12];
    label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
    label.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    label.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor];
    label.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 150, 25);
    label.center = CGPointMake(160, 240);
    label.alpha = 0.0;
    
    // 巧妙利用控件的尺寸和圆角半径,能产生一个圆
    label.layer.cornerRadius = 5;
    // 超出主层边界的内容统统剪掉
//    label.layer.masksToBounds = YES;
    label.clipsToBounds = YES;
    
    [self.superview addSubview:label];
    
    // 3.动画
    [UIView animateWithDuration:1.0 animations:^{
        label.alpha = 0.5;
    } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
        [UIView animateWithDuration:1.0 delay:1.0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveLinear animations:^{
            label.alpha = 0.0;
        } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
            [label removeFromSuperview];
        }];
    }];
}
@end

//
//  MJViewController.m

#import "MJViewController.h"
#import "MJApp.h"
#import "MJAppView.h"

@interface MJViewController ()
/** 存放应用信息 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *apps;
@end

@implementation MJViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    // 添加应用信息
    
    // 0.总列数(一行最多3列)
    int totalColumns = 3;
    
    // 1.应用的尺寸
    CGFloat appW = 85;
    CGFloat appH = 90;
    
    // 2.间隙 = (控制器view的宽度 - 3 * 应用宽度) / 4
    CGFloat marginX = (self.view.frame.size.width - totalColumns * appW) / (totalColumns + 1);
    CGFloat marginY = 15;
    
    // 3.根据应用个数创建对应的框框(index 0 ~ 11)
    for (int index = 0; index<self.apps.count; index++) {
        // 3.1.创建view
        MJAppView *appView = [MJAppView appViewWithApp:self.apps[index]];
        
        // 3.2.添加view
        [self.view addSubview:appView];
        
        // 3.3.设置frame
        int row = index / totalColumns;
        int col = index % totalColumns;
        // 计算x和y
        CGFloat appX = marginX + col * (appW + marginX);
        CGFloat appY = 30 + row * (appH + marginY);
        appView.frame = CGRectMake(appX, appY, appW, appH);
        
        // 3.4.设置数据
//        appView.app = self.apps[index];
    }
}

- (NSArray *)apps
{
    if (_apps == nil) {
        // 初始化
        
        // 1.获得plist的全路径
        NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil];
        
        // 2.加载数组
        NSArray *dictArray = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];
        
        // 3.将dictArray里面的所有字典转成模型对象,放到新的数组中
        NSMutableArray *appArray = [NSMutableArray array];
        for (NSDictionary *dict in dictArray) {
            // 3.1.创建模型对象
            MJApp *app = [MJApp appWithDict:dict];
            
            // 3.2.添加模型对象到数组中
            [appArray addObject:app];
        }
        
        // 4.赋值
        _apps = appArray;
    }
    return _apps;
}

@end

2.代理设计模式

2.1背景

分析上面的实现代码会发现 xib文件和控制器耦合性太强，假如某天xib里面的文件改变了，那么控制器就必须跟着改变……

所以需要让xib和控制器隔离开来

2.2代码

模型类

//  MJApp.h

//  模型类:用来存放数据的类

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

/**
 copy : NSString
 strong: 一般对象
 weak: UI控件
 assign:基本数据类型
 */

@interface MJApp : NSObject
/**
 *  名称
 */
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
/**
 *  图标
 */
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *icon;

/**
 *  通过字典来初始化模型对象
 *
 *  @param dict 字典对象
 *
 *  @return 已经初始化完毕的模型对象
 */
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;

+ (instancetype)appWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
@end

//
//  MJApp.m


#import "MJApp.h"

@implementation MJApp
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.name = dict[@"name"];
        self.icon = dict[@"icon"];
    }
    return self;
}

+ (instancetype)appWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
    return [[self alloc] initWithDict:dict];
}
@end

//
//  MJAppView.h


#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@class MJApp, MJAppView;

// 声明一个协议
@protocol MJAppViewDelegate <NSObject>
@optional
- (void)appViewClickedDownloadButton:(MJAppView *)appView;
@end

// 耦合性
@interface MJAppView : UIView

/**
 *  代理
 */
@property (nonatomic, weak) id<MJAppViewDelegate> delegate;

//@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIButton *downloadBtn;

//@property (nonatomic, weak) UIView *vcView;
/**
 *  模型数据
 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) MJApp *app;

+ (instancetype)appView;

/**
 *  通过模型数据来创建一个view
 */
+ (instancetype)appViewWithApp:(MJApp *)app;

@end

//
//  MJAppView.m


#import "MJAppView.h"
#import "MJApp.h"

@interface MJAppView()
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *iconView;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *nameLabel;
- (IBAction)download:(UIButton *)sender;
@end

@implementation MJAppView

+ (instancetype)appViewWithApp:(MJApp *)app
{
    NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];
    // 读取xib文件(会创建xib中的描述的所有对象,并且按顺序放到数组中返回)
    NSArray *objs = [bundle loadNibNamed:@"MJAppView" owner:nil options:nil];
    MJAppView *appView = [objs lastObject];
    appView.app = app;
    return appView;
}

+ (instancetype)appView
{
    return [self appViewWithApp:nil];
}

- (void)setApp:(MJApp *)app
{
    _app = app;
    
    // 1.设置图标
    self.iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:app.icon];  //self是指MJAppview
    
    // 2.设置名称
    self.nameLabel.text = app.name;
}

/**
 *  下载
 */
- (IBAction)download:(UIButton *)btn {
    // 1.让按钮失效(文字变为"已下载")
    btn.enabled = NO;
    
    // 2.通知代理
//    [self.delegate appViewClickedDownloadButton:self];
    if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(appViewClickedDownloadButton:)]) {
        [self.delegate appViewClickedDownloadButton:self];
    }
}
@end

//
//  MJViewController.m


#import "MJViewController.h"
#import "MJApp.h"
#import "MJAppView.h"

@interface MJViewController () <MJAppViewDelegate>
/** 存放应用信息 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *apps;
@end

@implementation MJViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    // 添加应用信息
    
    // 0.总列数(一行最多3列)
    int totalColumns = 3;
    
    // 1.应用的尺寸
    CGFloat appW = 85;
    CGFloat appH = 90;
    
    // 2.间隙 = (控制器view的宽度 - 3 * 应用宽度) / 4
    CGFloat marginX = (self.view.frame.size.width - totalColumns * appW) / (totalColumns + 1);
    CGFloat marginY = 15;
    
    // 3.根据应用个数创建对应的框框(index 0 ~ 11)
    for (int index = 0; index<self.apps.count; index++) {
        // 3.1.创建view
        MJAppView *appView = [MJAppView appViewWithApp:self.apps[index]];
        
        appView.delegate = self;
        
//        appView.downloadBtn.tag = index;
//        [appView.downloadBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(download:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
//        appView.vcView = self.view;
        
        // 3.2.添加view
        [self.view addSubview:appView];
        
        // 3.3.设置frame
        int row = index / totalColumns;
        int col = index % totalColumns;
        // 计算x和y
        CGFloat appX = marginX + col * (appW + marginX);
        CGFloat appY = 30 + row * (appH + marginY);
        appView.frame = CGRectMake(appX, appY, appW, appH);
        
        // 3.4.设置数据
//        appView.app = self.apps[index];
    }
}

/**
 *  当点击下载按钮时就会调用
 */
- (void)appViewClickedDownloadButton:(MJAppView *)appView
{
    // 1.取出模型
    MJApp *app = appView.app;
    
    // 2.添加标签
    UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] init];
    label.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"成功下载%@", app.name];  //
    label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12];
    label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
    label.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    label.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor];
    label.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 150, 25);
    label.center = CGPointMake(160, 240);
    label.alpha = 0.0;
    label.layer.cornerRadius = 5; //要设置一个控件的圆角就要设置其图层 （layer就叫图层   cornerRadius叫圆角半径
     //lable.layer.masksToBounds = YES  //这个lable的图层要跟随其边界来展示  超出其边界的就要减掉
	 label.clipsToBounds = YES;  //减掉子层那些找出边界的部分 ，这行代码和上面一行代码效果一样
    [self.view addSubview:label];  
    
    // 3.动画  （alpha花1秒钟时间从0慢慢变到0.5，再用1秒钟时间从
    [UIView animateWithDuration:1.0 animations:^{
        label.alpha = 0.5;
    } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
        [UIView animateWithDuration:1.0 delay:1.0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveLinear animations:^{
            label.alpha = 0.0;
        } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
            [label removeFromSuperview];
        }];
    }];
}

- (NSArray *)apps
{
    if (_apps == nil) {
        // 初始化
        
        // 1.获得plist的全路径
        NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil];
        
        // 2.加载数组
        NSArray *dictArray = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];
        
        // 3.将dictArray里面的所有字典转成模型对象,放到新的数组中
        NSMutableArray *appArray = [NSMutableArray array];
        for (NSDictionary *dict in dictArray) {
            // 3.1.创建模型对象
            MJApp *app = [MJApp appWithDict:dict];
            
            // 3.2.添加模型对象到数组中
            [appArray addObject:app];
        }
        
        // 4.赋值
        _apps = appArray;
    }
    return _apps;
}

@end

3.Delegate

3.1Delegate的使用场合

对象A内部发生了一些事情,想通知对象B

对象B想监听对象A内部发生了什么事情

对象A想在自己的方法内部调用对象B的某个方法,并且对象A不能对对象B有耦合依赖

对象A想传递数据给对象B

……

以上情况,结果都一样:对象B是对象A的代理(delegate)

3.2使用delegate的步骤

先搞清楚谁是谁的代理(delegate)

定义代理协议,协议名称的命名规范:控件类名 + Delegate

定义代理方法
代理方法一般都定义为@optional
代理方法名都以控件名开头
代理方法至少有1个参数,将控件本身传递出去

设置代理(delegate)对象 (比如myView.delegate = xxxx;)
代理对象遵守协议
代理对象实现协议里面该实现的方法

在恰当的时刻调用代理对象(delegate)的代理方法,通知代理发生了什么事情
(在调用之前判断代理是否实现了该代理方法)