一、定义结构体三种方法:
1.先声明结构体类型再定义变量名。
2.在声明类型的同时定义变量。
3.直接定义结构体类型变量。
struct student{
//成员列表
int age;
char sex;
float score;
NSString*name;
};
二、共同体
//引用方式:只有先定义了共同体的变量才能引用它。而且不能引用共同体变量,只能引用共同体变量中的成员
union _teacher{
//成员列表
int age;
char sex;
float score;
NSString*name;
}teacher;
下面上完整代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct File{
char*name;
int size;
//与数组的区别是结构体内的数据长度可能会不一样
};
struct _My{
char*name;
int size;
};
typedef struct _My File2;
//简洁写法
typedef struct _Student{
char *name;
int age;
}Student;
Student * createStudent(char*name,int age){
Student *s1 = malloc(sizeof(Student));
s1->name = name;
s1->age = age;
return s1;
}
void deleteStudent(Student*p){
free(p);
}
typedef union _BaseData{
char ch;
uint8_t ch_num;
uint32_t num;
//与结构体不同的是,共同体使用同一块内存
//共同体的长度是元素最大长度的长度,内存对齐。
}BaseData;
//内存优化压缩
typedef union _Data{
uint8_t a;
uint8_t b;
uint32_t c;
uint8_t d;
uint64_t e;
}__attribute__((__packed__)) Data;
typedef struct _ColorARGB{
uint8_t blue;
uint8_t green;
uint8_t red;
uint8_t alpha;
}ColorARGB;
typedef union _Color{
/*
存储方式:
小端存储:低位字节放前边,高位字节放后边
大端存储:高位字节放前边,低位字节放后边
*/
uint32_t color;//0xFFFEED2B 0x2B,0xED,0xFE,0xFF
ColorARGB colorArgb;
}Color;
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
struct File file;
file.name = "Sun.txt";
file.size = 100;
printf("FileName=%s\n",file.name);
File2 myFile = {"Su.txt",2000};
printf("filename=%s,size=%d\n",myFile.name,myFile.size);
Student s1 = {"Sam",20};//s1是局部变量
Student s2 = s1;
s2.age = 30;
Student *s3 = &s1;
s1.age = 40;
printf("s1.name=%s,s1.age=%d\n",s1.name,s1.age);//访问成员,直接用.,如果访问指针的成员,用->
printf("s2.name=%s,s2.age=%d\n",s2.name,s2.age);
printf("s3.name=%s,s3.age=%d\n",s3->name,s3->age);
//面向对象的原型
Student *s =createStudent("Zhangsan", 20);
printf("name=%s,age=%d\n",s->name,s->age);
deleteStudent(s);
// BaseData data;
// data.ch = 'B';
// printf("ch_num is %d\n",data.ch_num);
// printf("length of BaseData is %ld\n",sizeof(BaseData));
printf("Length of BaseData is %ld\n",sizeof(Data));
Color c;
c.color = 0xFFFE0000;
printf("RED=%d\n",c.colorArgb.red);
Color c1;
c1.color = 0xFFFEED2B;
printf("blue=%X\n",c1.colorArgb.blue);
return 0;
}